1. The Four Noble Truths The Noble Eightfold Path

2. The Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta
The first discourse of the Buddha, to the Five Ascetics at the Isipatana Deer Park at Sarnath.
Dhamma – the Teachings of the Buddha, or the truths leading the way out of dukkha. Cakka – wheel. Pavattana – setting in motion.
“Setting the Wheel of the Dhamma in Motion” discourse.

3. The Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta
The first discourse of the Buddha, to the Five Ascetics at the Isipatana Deer Park at Sarnath.
Dhamma – the Teachings of the Buddha, or the truths leading the way out of dukkha. Cakka – wheel. Pavattana – setting in motion.
“Setting the Wheel of the Dhamma in Motion” discourse.

4. The Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta
The first discourse of the Buddha, to the Five Ascetics at the Isipatana Deer Park at Sarnath.
Dhamma – the Teachings of the Buddha, or the truths leading the way out of dukkha. Cakka – wheel. Pavattana – setting in motion.
“Setting the Wheel of the Dhamma in Motion” discourse.

5. The Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta
The first discourse of the Buddha, to the Five Ascetics at the Isipatana Deer Park at Sarnath.
Dhamma – the Teachings of the Buddha, or the truths leading the way out of dukkha. Cakka – wheel. Pavattana – setting in motion.
“Setting the Wheel of the Dhamma in Motion” discourse.

6. The Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta
The first discourse of the Buddha, to the Five Ascetics at the Isipatana Deer Park at Sarnath.
Dhamma – the Teachings of the Buddha, or the truths leading the way out of dukkha. Cakka – wheel. Pavattana – setting in motion.
“Setting the Wheel of the Dhamma in Motion” discourse.

7. The Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta
The first discourse of the Buddha, to the Five Ascetics at the Isipatana Deer Park at Sarnath.
Dhamma – the Teachings of the Buddha, or the truths leading the way out of dukkha. Cakka – wheel. Pavattana – setting in motion.
“Setting the Wheel of the Dhamma in Motion” discourse.

15. The Swastika Symbol
The swastika is an equilateral cross with arms bent at right angles, all in the same direction, towards either the right or left.
The swastika is a symbol of prosperity and good fortune and was widely found in ancient civilizations throughout the world in Asia, Europe and also South America.

16. The Swastika Symbol
The swastika is an equilateral cross with arms bent at right angles, all in the same direction, towards either the right or left.
The swastika is a symbol of prosperity and good fortune and was widely found in ancient civilizations throughout the world in Asia, Europe and also South America.

17. The Swastika Symbol
It represented the sun, fire, or life in many ancient cultures although different religions used it to signify different meanings.
In Buddhism, it denotes the Dhamma, universal harmony, the balance of opposites and spiritual attainment.
The Nazis used it to denote the racial purity of the Aryan ‘master’ race which they thought themselves to be.

18. The Swastika Symbol
It represented the sun, fire, or life in many ancient cultures although different religions used it to signify different meanings.
In Buddhism, it denotes the Dhamma, universal harmony, the balance of opposites and spiritual attainment.
The Nazis used it to denote the racial purity of the Aryan ‘master’ race which they thought themselves to be.

19. The Swastika Symbol
It represented the sun, fire, or life in many ancient cultures although different religions used it to signify different meanings.
In Buddhism, it denotes the Dhamma, universal harmony, the balance of opposites and spiritual attainment.
The Nazis used it to denote the racial purity of the Aryan ‘master’ race which they thought themselves to be.

20. The Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta
The Buddha advised us to avoid the two extremes of Self-Mortification and Self-Indulgence. This is because these two extremes are base, ignoble and unprofitable.
Instead, He advised us to follow the Middle Path between these two extremes, which lead to knowledge, vision, peace and Self-Awakening.

21. The Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta
The Buddha advised us to avoid the two extremes of Self-Mortification and Self-Indulgence. This is because these two extremes are base, ignoble and unprofitable.
Instead, He advised us to follow the Middle Path between these two extremes, which lead to knowledge, vision, peace and Self-Awakening.

22. The Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta
Buddhism is thus also known as the “Middle Way”.
The Buddha stated the Middle Way as the Noble Eightfold Path.
He then identified the Four Noble Truths which is to be realized upon following the Noble Eightfold Path.

23. The Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta
Buddhism is thus also known as the “Middle Way”.
The Buddha stated the Middle Way as the Noble Eightfold Path.
He then identified the Four Noble Truths which is to be realized upon following the Noble Eightfold Path.

24. The Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta
Buddhism is thus also known as the “Middle Way”.
The Buddha stated the Middle Way as the Noble Eightfold Path.
He then identified the Four Noble Truths which is to be realized upon following the Noble Eightfold Path.

25. The Four Noble Truths All beings are subject to Dukkha.
Dukkha arises from desire and craving.  
Dukkha can be overcome by the elimination of desire and craving.  
There is a way out of dukkha,  which is the Noble Eightfold Path.

26. The Four Noble Truths All beings are subject to Dukkha.
Dukkha arises from desire and craving.  
Dukkha can be overcome by the elimination of desire and craving.  
There is a way out of dukkha,  which is the Noble Eightfold Path.

27. The Four Noble Truths All beings are subject to Dukkha.
Dukkha arises from desire and craving.  
Dukkha can be overcome by the elimination of desire and craving.  
There is a way out of dukkha,  which is the Noble Eightfold Path.

28. The Four Noble Truths All beings are subject to Dukkha.
Dukkha arises from desire and craving.  
Dukkha can be overcome by the elimination of desire and craving.  
There is a way out of dukkha,  which is the Noble Eightfold Path.

29. The Four Noble Truths All beings are subject to Dukkha.
Dukkha arises from desire and craving.  
Dukkha can be overcome by the elimination of desire and craving.  
There is a way out of dukkha,  which is the Noble Eightfold Path.

30. The Four Noble Truths All beings are subject to Dukkha.
Dukkha is usually translated as suffering but it actually encompasses a wide range of negative feelings including stress, dissatisfaction and physical suffering. 
Dukkha exists as all beings are subject to illness, separation from loved ones, not getting their desires, aging and death.    

31. The Four Noble Truths All beings are subject to Dukkha.
Dukkha is usually translated as suffering but it actually encompasses a wide range of negative feelings including stress, dissatisfaction and physical suffering. 
Dukkha exists as all beings are subject to illness, separation from loved ones, not getting their desires, aging and death.    

32. The Four Noble Truths All beings are subject to Dukkha.
Dukkha is usually translated as suffering but it actually encompasses a wide range of negative feelings including stress, dissatisfaction and physical suffering. 
Dukkha exists as all beings are subject to illness, separation from loved ones, not getting their desires, aging and death.    

33. The Four Noble Truths Dukkha arises from desire and craving.
All beings crave pleasant sensations, and also desire to avoid unpleasant sensations. 
These sensations can be physical or psychological, and dukkha arises when these desires and cravings are not met.

34. The Four Noble Truths Dukkha arises from desire and craving.
All beings crave pleasant sensations, and also desire to avoid unpleasant sensations. 
These sensations can be physical or psychological, and dukkha arises when these desires and cravings are not met.

35. The Four Noble Truths Dukkha arises from desire and craving.
All beings crave pleasant sensations, and also desire to avoid unpleasant sensations. 
These sensations can be physical or psychological, and dukkha arises when these desires and cravings are not met.

36. The Four Noble Truths
Dukkha can be overcome by the elimination of desire and craving.  
Nibbana is the state of peace where all greed, hatred and delusion, and thereby dukkha, have been eradicated.  

37. The Four Noble Truths
Dukkha can be overcome by the elimination of desire and craving.  
Nibbana is the state of peace where all greed, hatred and delusion, and thereby dukkha, have been eradicated.  

38. The Four Noble Truths
There is a way out of dukkha,  which is the Noble Eightfold Path.
Dukkha can be reduced, weakened and finally eradicated and Nibbana thereby attained, by following this path as taught by the Buddha.   

39. The Four Noble Truths
There is a way out of dukkha,  which is the Noble Eightfold Path.
Dukkha can be reduced, weakened and finally eradicated and Nibbana thereby attained, by following this path as taught by the Buddha.   

40. The Four Noble Truths
Buddhism is occasionally criticized as being overly pessimistic as it seems to focus on suffering rather than on happiness and joy. 
However, all conditions of happiness and joy are impermanent because all beings are subject to sickness, old age and death, and as a result, all beings are undeniably subject to dukkha. 

41. The Four Noble Truths
Buddhism is occasionally criticized as being overly pessimistic as it seems to focus on suffering rather than on happiness and joy. 
However, all conditions of happiness and joy are impermanent because all beings are subject to sickness, old age and death, and as a result, all beings are undeniably subject to dukkha. 

42. The Four Noble Truths
Instead, Buddhism is actually realistic as the Buddha has taught us how to overcome or reduce dukkha, and how to achieve the permanent bliss of Nibbana. 
By following the Noble Eightfold Path taught by the Buddha, Nibbana can be experienced even in this present lifetime.

43. The Four Noble Truths
Instead, Buddhism is actually realistic as the Buddha has taught us how to overcome or reduce dukkha, and how to achieve the permanent bliss of Nibbana. 
By following the Noble Eightfold Path taught by the Buddha, Nibbana can be experienced even in this present lifetime.

44. Nibbana
Without already practicing Buddhism and being on the path laid down by the Buddha, Nibbana can be a difficult concept to grasp or understand. 
It is like trying to explain colours to the blind, or sound to the deaf.  Conventional language cannot adequately describe Nibbana.  It has to be experienced to be understood.   

45. Nibbana
Without already practicing Buddhism and being on the path laid down by the Buddha, Nibbana can be a difficult concept to grasp or understand. 
It is like trying to explain colours to the blind, or sound to the deaf.  Conventional language cannot adequately describe Nibbana.  It has to be experienced to be understood.   

46. Nibbana
However, in short, Nibbana is the total absence of all craving and suffering. 
It is achieved by one who has eradicated all aspects of greed, hatred and delusion. 
It is a state of permanent bliss and happiness from which there is no more rebirth.  

47. Nibbana
However, in short, Nibbana is the total absence of all craving and suffering. 
It is achieved by one who has eradicated all aspects of greed, hatred and delusion. 
It is a state of permanent bliss and happiness from which there is no more rebirth.  

48. Nibbana
However, in short, Nibbana is the total absence of all craving and suffering. 
It is achieved by one who has eradicated all aspects of greed, hatred and delusion. 
It is a state of permanent bliss and happiness from which there is no more rebirth.  

49. The Noble Eightfold Path
Right Speech
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
Right Understanding
Right Thought

50. The Noble Eightfold Path
Right Speech
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
Right Understanding
Right Thought

51. The Noble Eightfold Path
Right Speech
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
Right Understanding
Right Thought

52. The Noble Eightfold Path
Right Speech
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
Right Understanding
Right Thought

53. The Noble Eightfold Path
Right Speech
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
Right Understanding
Right Thought

54. The Noble Eightfold Path
Right Speech
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
Right Understanding
Right Thought

55. The Noble Eightfold Path
Right Speech
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
Right Understanding
Right Thought

56. The Noble Eightfold Path
Right Speech
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
Right Understanding
Right Thought

57. The Noble Eightfold Path
Right Speech
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
Right Understanding
Right Thought

58. The Threefold Training
Right Speech
Morality - Sila
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Mental Development - Samadhi
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
Right Understanding
Wisdom - Panna
Right Thought

59. The Threefold Training
Right Speech
Morality - Sila
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Mental Development - Samadhi
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
Right Understanding
Wisdom - Panna
Right Thought

60. The Threefold Training
Right Speech
Morality - Sila
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Mental Development - Samadhi
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
Right Understanding
Wisdom - Panna
Right Thought

61. The Threefold Training
Right Speech
Morality - Sila
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Mental Development - Samadhi
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
Right Understanding
Wisdom - Panna
Right Thought

62. The Threefold Training
Right Speech
Morality - Sila
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Mental Development - Samadhi
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
Right Understanding
Wisdom - Panna
Right Thought

63. The Threefold Training
Right Speech
Morality - Sila
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Mental Development - Samadhi
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
Right Understanding
Wisdom - Panna
Right Thought

64. The Threefold Training
Right Speech
Morality - Sila
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Mental Development - Samadhi
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
Right Understanding
Wisdom - Panna
Right Thought

65. The Noble Eightfold Path
Right Speech - To refrain from lying, slander, harsh words and gossip.  To cultivate truthful, peaceful, kind and meaningful speech.
Right Action - To abstain from killing, stealing and sexual misconduct.  To cultivate harmlessness, honesty and faithfulness.

66. The Noble Eightfold Path
Right Speech - To refrain from lying, slander, harsh words and gossip.  To cultivate truthful, peaceful, kind and meaningful speech.
Right Action - To abstain from killing, stealing and sexual misconduct.  To cultivate harmlessness, honesty and faithfulness.

67. The Noble Eightfold Path
Right Speech - To refrain from lying, slander, harsh words and gossip.  To cultivate truthful, peaceful, kind and meaningful speech.
Right Action - To abstain from killing, stealing and sexual misconduct.  To cultivate harmlessness, honesty and faithfulness.

68. The Noble Eightfold Path
Right Speech - To refrain from lying, slander, harsh words and gossip.  To cultivate truthful, peaceful, kind and meaningful speech.
Right Action - To abstain from killing, stealing and sexual misconduct.  To cultivate harmlessness, honesty and faithfulness.

69. The Noble Eightfold Path
Right Livelihood - To avoid occupations involving killing (of both humans and animals), the sale of animal flesh, the trading of humans, weapons, poisons and intoxicants.  Occupations which are unethical, immoral and illegal should also be avoided.

70. The Noble Eightfold Path
Right Livelihood - To avoid occupations involving killing (of both humans and animals), the sale of animal flesh, the trading of humans, weapons, poisons and intoxicants.  Occupations which are unethical, immoral and illegal should also be avoided.

71. The Noble Eightfold Path
Right Effort - To apply mental discipline to prevent unwholesome thoughts from arising, and to dispel unwholesome thoughts that have arisen.  To develop wholesome thoughts, and to maintain those wholesome thoughts that have arisen.

72. The Noble Eightfold Path
Right Effort - To apply mental discipline to prevent unwholesome thoughts from arising, and to dispel unwholesome thoughts that have arisen.  To develop wholesome thoughts, and to maintain those wholesome thoughts that have arisen.

73. The Noble Eightfold Path
Right Mindfulness - To be aware of the body, and bodily postures and sensations.  To be aware of the mind and its thoughts, emotions and feelings. To be aware of the Dhamma.
Right Concentration - To practice meditation to train the mind to be focused and disciplined in order to cultivate and acquire wisdom. 

74. The Noble Eightfold Path
Right Mindfulness - To be aware of the body, and bodily postures and sensations.  To be aware of the mind and its thoughts, emotions and feelings. To be aware of the Dhamma.
Right Concentration - To practice meditation to train the mind to be focused and disciplined in order to cultivate and acquire wisdom. 

75. The Noble Eightfold Path
Right Mindfulness - To be aware of the body, and bodily postures and sensations.  To be aware of the mind and its thoughts, emotions and feelings. To be aware of the Dhamma.
Right Concentration - To practice meditation to train the mind to be focused and disciplined in order to cultivate and acquire wisdom. 

76. The Noble Eightfold Path
Right Mindfulness - To be aware of the body, and bodily postures and sensations.  To be aware of the mind and its thoughts, emotions and feelings. To be aware of the Dhamma.
Right Concentration - To practice meditation to train the mind to be focused and disciplined in order to cultivate and acquire wisdom. 

77. The Noble Eightfold Path
Right Understanding - To understand and accept the Four Noble Truths.
Right Thought - To cultivate thoughts of generosity, loving-kindness and compassion.

78. The Noble Eightfold Path
Right Understanding - To understand and accept the Four Noble Truths.
Right Thought - To cultivate thoughts of generosity, loving-kindness and compassion.

79. The Threefold Training
Right Speech
Morality - Sila
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Mental Development - Samadhi
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
Right Understanding
Wisdom - Panna
Right Thought

80. The Threefold Training
Right Speech
Morality - Sila
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Mental Development - Samadhi
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
Right Understanding
Wisdom - Panna
Right Thought

81. The Threefold Training
Right Speech
Morality - Sila
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Mental Development - Samadhi
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
Right Understanding
Wisdom - Panna
Right Thought

82. The Threefold Training
Right Speech
Morality - Sila
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Mental Development - Samadhi
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
Right Understanding
Wisdom - Panna
Right Thought

83. The Threefold Training
Right Speech
Morality - Sila
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Mental Development - Samadhi
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
Right Understanding
Wisdom - Panna
Right Thought

84. The Threefold Training
Right Speech
Morality - Sila
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Mental Development - Samadhi
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
Right Understanding
Wisdom - Panna
Right Thought

85. The Threefold Training
Right Speech
Morality - Sila
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Mental Development - Samadhi
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
Right Understanding
Wisdom - Panna
Right Thought

86. NIBBANA!! Stream Entry Morality Morality Wisdom & Understanding
Mental Development
Morality
Wisdom & Understanding
Mental Development
Morality

87. NIBBANA!! Stream Entry Morality Morality Wisdom & Understanding
Mental Development
Morality
Wisdom & Understanding
Mental Development
Morality

88. NIBBANA!! Stream Entry Morality Morality Wisdom & Understanding
Mental Development
Morality
Wisdom & Understanding
Mental Development
Morality

89. NIBBANA!! Stream Entry Morality Morality Wisdom & Understanding
Mental Development
Morality
Wisdom & Understanding
Mental Development
Morality

90. NIBBANA!! Stream Entry Morality Morality Wisdom & Understanding
Mental Development
Morality
Wisdom & Understanding
Mental Development
Morality

91. NIBBANA!! Stream Entry Morality Morality Wisdom & Understanding
Mental Development
Morality
Wisdom & Understanding
Mental Development
Morality

92. NIBBANA!! Stream Entry Morality Morality Wisdom & Understanding
Mental Development
Morality
Wisdom & Understanding
Mental Development
Morality

93. NIBBANA!! Stream Entry Morality Morality Wisdom & Understanding
Mental Development
Morality
Wisdom & Understanding
Mental Development
Morality

94. Prepared by T Y Lee