1. Write ONE question that you still have
BELL RINGER 3
Think of at least THREE statements you can make about EVOLUTION. Jot these down on a sheet of paper. 2
Walk around and find TWO NEW statements on your classmates’ papers. Write these 2 new statements down and record who you got the info from 1
Write ONE question that you still have
about EVOLUTION

2. On a sheet of paper: write down everything you know about EVOLUTION

3. EVOLUTION Think…What is EVOLUTION?
Pair…discuss your answer with your neighbor…any new insights?
Share…with the class

4. EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION

5. WHAT IS EVOLUTION? To evolve: to change
A theory stating that all life has changed from simpler life to more complex life
Occurs over LONG periods of time
Evolution often supports that organisms have evolved from a common ancestor

6. FOSSIL EVIDENCE Fossils: remains of organisms that lived in the past
Footprints/bones/teeth/preserved organisms
Tell us about climate of the past
Tell us about what organism ate
Indicate change (see what organism looked like then compared to now; see organisms that lived in past but no longer exist today

7. Older fossils will be deeper in sediment
Layers are deposited over time on top of the older layer
Fossils show that organisms have evolved from SIMPLER organisms (bacteria, invertebrates) in the lower layers to more COMPLEX organisms (vertebrates: fish… reptiles…mammals) in the upper layers
EX: a magnolia (flowering plant)would be younger than a fern
A squid (invert) would be older than a lizard (reptile)

8. EVIDENCE FROM FOSSILS How has the horse changed over time?
How would studying the fossil evidence of the horse support the theory of evolution?
The fossil evidence shows that the horse has changed over time in height, teeth structure,and bone structure

9. What would this fern fossil tell us about climate?
This fossil was found in Antarctica.
How could Antarctica have the type of climate suggested by this fossil evidence?
Antarctica must have been a warmer climate; ferns are tropical plants
If it had been closer to Equator;
Pangaea

10. These two crocodiles were found on different continents

11. STRUCTURAL EVIDENCE

12. HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES
Similar in structure; not necessarily similar in function
Suggests common ancestry

13. The structures illustrated above are called HOMOLGOUS Structures
The structures illustrated above are called HOMOLGOUS Structures. Each limb has a similar STRUCTURE, but some of the limbs have different FUNCTION. The similarity of structure is evidence that the animals may have A COMMON ANCESTOR

14. ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES Similar in structure & function;
Not similar in ancestry
Organisms adapt to similar environments;
Therefore, they develop similar characteristics

15. EXAMPLES HOMOLGOUS ANALOGOUS Leg of dog Arm of human Wing of bird
Flipper of whale
All have similar bone structure, but the function is different (leg: walking; arm: carrying; wing: flying; flipper: swimming)
Wing of bird
Wing of bat
Leg of lizard
Leg of cow
These structures are similar in bone structure & function, but are unrelated species…different ancestors

16. VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES Structures present, but have no purpose
Structures that are incomplete
The presence of these structures indicates the structure once had a purpose (support for evolution)
EX: leg bones in whales, snakes

17. Vestigial Structures in Humans

18. EMBRYONIC EVIDENCE EMBRYO: early stage of development of living things
Many organisms look similar very early in their development
More stages similar… the more closely related they are
Suggests common ancestry (note how similar these different organisms are in early stages)

19. BIOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE
BIOCHEMICAL SIMILARITIES OF ORGANISMS
Comparison of Organisms
% substitutions of amino acids in Cytochrome C
Two orders of mammals
5-10 %
Birds vs. mammals
8-12 %
Amphibians vs. birds
14-18 %
Fish vs. Land vertebrates
18-22 %
Insects vs. vertebrates
Algae vs. animals
57 %
BIOCHEMICAL evidence is referring to similarities in DNA, proteins, amino acids, enzymes, etc.
The more similar these compounds are in different organisms, the more closely related they are
Suggests common ancestry

20. We are most similar/ most closely related to chimp
least similar/ closely related to chicken
Hedgehog is most similar to mouse… based on the closeness of the DNA similarities…3% difference

21. Evidence from adaptations
MIMICRY
CAMOUFLAGE
COEVOLUTION

22. MIMICRY
One organism imitates another; resembles another organism in some way
Do you see a difference in these 2 butterflies?
The butterfly at the top is a MONARCH;
eats milkweed which gives it a bad taste
so birds don’t eat them; The bottom
butterfly is a VICEROY; birds leave
alone b/c it looks like monarch

23. MIMICRY What about these 2 snakes? The top snake is a coral snake,
which is very poisonous.
The bottom snake is a milk-
snake…harmless

24. BENEFITS
Because the harmless organism looks like a poisonous or bad tasting organism…predators leave them alone!
support FOR EVOLUTION
Shows the organism has changed in order to “mimic” another organism or feature

25. CAMOUFLAGE
Organisms have features that allow them to blend in with their environment
Therefore avoid contact with predators (BENEFIT!)
Do you see the organisms in these pictures?
In what way are these organisms camouflaged?
Supports evolution b/c organisms changed to blend in with environment

26. coevolution One organism evolves in response to another
The cabbage plant evolved a toxin to repel insects from eating it
The moth evolved an immunity to the toxin

27. Caribbean snail Indo-pacific snail Caribbean crab Indo-pacific crab
Indo-pacific crabs have been noted to have stronger claws than their cousins in the Caribbean. It is also noticed that marine snail shells are stronger in the Indo-Pacific region than those in the Caribbean.
Caribbean snail
Indo-pacific snail
Caribbean crab
Indo-pacific crab

28. BENEFITS Organism develops a defense against its predators… PROTECTION
Predator develop an immunity to its prey’s defense
Some organisms evolve together in a way that benefits both
Flowers & pollinators