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Basics of Statistics.

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Presentation on theme: "Basics of Statistics."— Presentation transcript:

1 Basics of Statistics

2 Statistics the science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and drawing conclusions from data

3 Descriptive statistics
the methods of organizing & summarizing data

4 Inferential statistics
involves making generalizations from a sample to a population

5 Population The entire collection of individuals or objects about which information is desired

6 Sample A subset of the population, selected for study in some prescribed manner

7 Variable any characteristic whose value may change from one individual to another

8 Data observations on single variable or simultaneously on two or more variables

9 Types of variables

10 Categorical variables
or qualitative identifies basic differentiating characteristics of the population

11 Numerical variables or quantitative
observations or measurements taken on numerical values makes sense to average these values two types - discrete & continuous

12 Discrete (numerical) listable set of values usually counts of items

13 Continuous (numerical)
data can take on any values in the domain of the variable usually measurements of something

14 Classification by the number of variables
Univariate - data that describes a single characteristic of the population Bivariate - data that describes two characteristics of the population Multivariate - data that describes more than two characteristics (beyond the scope of this course

15 Identify the following:
gender age hair color smoker systolic blood pressure number of girls in class categorical numerical

16 Types of Distributions
4 common types

17 Symmetrical refers to data in which both sides are (more or less) the same when the graph is folded vertically down the middle bell-shaped is a special type has a center mound with two sloping tails

18 Uniform refers to data in which every class has equal or approximately equal frequency

19 Skewed (left or right) refers to data in which one side (tail) is longer than the other side the direction of skewness is on the side of the longer tail

20 Bimodal (multi-modal)
refers to data in which two (or more) classes have the largest frequency & are separated by at least one other class

21 Dotplots Stem & leaf plots Histograms Boxplots
How to describe a graph Dotplots Stem & leaf plots Histograms Boxplots Do after Features of Distributions Activity

22 1. Center discuss where the middle of the data falls
three types of central tendency mean, median, & mode

23 2. Spread discuss how spread out the data is
refers to the variability of the data Range, standard deviation, IQR

24 3. Type of distribution refers to the overall shape of the distribution symmetrical, uniform, skewed, or bimodal

25 4. Unusual occurrences outliers - value that lies away from the rest of the data gaps clusters anything else unusual

26 5. In context You must write your answer in reference to the specifics in the problem, using correct statistical vocabulary and using complete sentences!


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