1. The Columbian Exchange

2. Western Hemisphere
(New World)
Eastern Hemisphere
(Old World)

3. Before 1492 Two very different ecosystems
Two sets of culturally diverse peoples
Before Columbus crossed the Atlantic, the Eastern Hemisphere (that is Europe, Africa and Asia) and the Western Hemisphere (that is the Americas) were two very different ecosystems. These ecosystems had been developing in biological isolation for thousand and thousand of years. This meant that there were two different disease pools and two sets of flora and fauna, as well as two sets of culturally diverse peoples.
Two sets of flora and fauna
Two different disease pools

4. What is the Columbian Exchange?
Columbus’ voyages May have had greater consequences biologically than culturally
The Columbian Exchange was coined to describe the worldwide redistribution of plants, animals, and diseases that resulted from the initial contacts between Europeans and Natives.
Define this in your own terms… Now and at the End of the Class

5. The Effects of the Columbian Exchange
Different Foods
Exchange of foods, animals had dramatic impact on later societies
Over time crops native to Americas became staples in diets of Europeans
Foods provided substantial nutrition, helped people live longer
Economics and Gastronomics
Activities like Texas cattle ranching, Brazilian coffee growing not possible without Columbian Exchange; cows, coffee native to Old World
Traditional cuisines changed because of Columbian Exchange
Italian Food Without Tomatoes?
Until contact with Americas, Europeans had never tried tomatoes
Most Europeans thought tomatoes poisonous
By late 1600s, tomatoes had begun to be included in Italian cookbooks

6. Old World (Europe) to New World (Americas)
Columbian Exchange
Old World (Europe) to New World (Americas)
Plants:
rice melons
wheat olives
barley dandelions
oats daisies
coffee ragweed
sugarcane Kentucky bluegrass
bananas

7. New World (Americas) to Old World (Europe)
Columbian Exchange
New World (Americas) to Old World (Europe)
Plants:
avocados pumpkins guavas
peanuts pineapple squash
corn (maize) tobacco
potatoes (white / sweet)
beans (snap / kidney, lima)
cacao (source of chocolate)
chicle (source of gum)

8. Columbian Exchange Old World (Europe) to New World (Americas) Animals:
horses
cattle
pigs
sheep
goats
chickens

9. New World (Americas) to Old World (Europe)
Columbian Exchange
New World (Americas) to Old World (Europe)
Animals:
llamas
alpacas
guinea pigs

10. Columbian Exchange Disease: measles chicken pox smallpox yellow fever
New World (Americas) to Old World (Europe)
Disease:
measles
chicken pox
smallpox
yellow fever
Malaria
influenza (flu)
common cold

11. New World (Americas) to Old World (Europe)
Columbian Exchange
New World (Americas) to Old World (Europe)
Disease
Syphilis
Hepatitis
Polio
Tuberculosis

13. Columbian Exchange or the transfer of goods involved 3 continents, Americas, Europe and Africa
* Squash * Avocado * Peppers * Sweet Potatoes * Turkey * Pumpkin * Tobacco * Quinine * Cocoa * Pineapple * Cassava * POTATO * Peanut * Tomato ` * Vanilla * MAIZE * Syphillis
* Olive * Coffee Beans * Banana * Rice * Onion * Turnip * Honeybee * Barley * Grape * Peach * Sugar Cane * Oats * Citrus Fruits * Pear * Wheat * HORSE * Cattle * Sheep * Pig * Smallpox * Flu * Typhus * Measles * Malaria * Diptheria * Whooping Cough

15. Sugar, Tobacco and Slavery

18. Africans lament the loss of their fellow countrymen.

19. MAP 26.2 The Atlantic slave trade, 1500-1800.

20. The Columbian Exchange
Voyages launched large-scale contact between Europe and Americas.
Interaction with Native Americans led to sweeping cultural changes.
Contact between the two groups led to the widespread exchange of plants, animals, and disease—the Columbian Exchange.
Plants, animals developed in very different ways in hemispheres
Europeans—no potatoes, corn, sweet potatoes, turkeys
People in Americas—no coffee, oranges, rice, wheat, sheep, cattle
The Exchange of Goods
Arrival of Europeans in Americas changed all this
Previously unknown foods taken back to Europe
Familiar foods brought to Americas by colonists
Sharing Discoveries
The introduction of beasts of burden to the Americas was a significant development from the Columbian Exchange. The introduction of the horse provided people in the Americas with a new source of labor and transportation.

23. What was the Effect of the Columbian Exchange?
Rewrite your OWN definition now… based on your notes.
We will then create a list of the 5 most important elements of the Columbian Exchange.

24. What was the Effect of the Columbian Exchange?
1. Both hemispheres were introduced to new foods and animals that changed entire societies.
2. Potatoes and corn became major food sources for Europeans allowing populations to increase greatly.
3. The introduction of pigs, cows, and horses gave new food sources and new animals for the Native Americans to use.

25. What was the Effect of the Columbian Exchange?
4. The diseases the Europeans brought with them killed up to 90% of the Native Americans in the New World. European conquest of the Native Americans was made easy by the effect disease had on the Natives. 5. The Native Americans had never been exposed to these diseases so their bodies could not fight them. Europeans had lived with these diseases for thousands of year and were not as likely to die from them.