1. When you hear the word INDIA, what comes to mind?
Have you ever wondered why it looks so weird?

3. INDIA
Talk here about it’s appearance – why it’s all weird.

4. Internal Empires Mauryan Empire (324-200 BCE)
-Hinduism and Sanskrit extend across South Asia
-Ashoka and Buddhism
Dark times (200 BCE – 300 CE)
-Lots of invasions by tribal groups
Gupta Empire ( CE): Golden Age of India
-Rise of chess (caturanga), architecture, sculpture
-First time that scholars postulated that the Earth revolves around the sun
-Advances in algebra & science

5. KEY WORD HERE: Cultural Diffusion
-Language & Religion

6. External Empires… On Empires…
Muslim Empires (900’s- 1600’s CE)
-Tolerant of existing religions (Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism)
-Sikhism began in 1600’s- youngest major world religion
Trading Empires ( CE)
-Portuguese arrived first, followed by Dutch, English, and French

7. Company Rule in India
1617, British East India Trading Company
Gained control of all European trade in India by 1769
Why would they want India as a trade route?
Indian ocean, monsoons, good ports
How could a tiny island nation control all of a subcontinent? What would you do to ensure control?
Gained control through alliances with local princes
Would there be issues with this?
Mutiny in 1858
Against the British East India company
Dissolution allowed for the Crown to take full imperial power
Gained control through combat and alliances with local princes
Can compare the British Raj to Alexander the Great and his satraps
IMPORTANT TO NOTE that a COMPANY, not a country, controlled India until the mutiny.
HOW WOULD THIS MAKE YOU FEEL? What does this sound like?

8. The British Raj,
Based on your previous knowledge about imperialism in Africa, discuss with a partner a list of positive and negative effects of British rule in India

9. Pros and Cons of the British Raj
Built infrastructure
Raised a military
Governance by local princes
Established formal administration
Cons
Indians treated poorly
Exploited the land for resources
Majority of Indians had little political power
Solidified caste system
Predict what is going to happen as a result. Think back on what happened in the Americans and in Africa during colonization/imperialism.

13. What cricket teams are consistently ranked top in the world?
Cricket team circa 1932

14. 1 million Indians served in the British colonial army in WWI

15. Bengal Famine of 1943

16. A REVOLUTION HAPPENS! But first… copy these geoterms.
Resistance: the refusal to accept or comply with something
Nonviolence: the use of peaceful means to bring about political or social change.
Civil disobedience: the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest.
Nationalism: support of political independence for a particular country.
Partition:  the action of being divided into parts (ex: India & Pakistan)

17. A (Mostly) Non-Violent Revolution
Indians wanted freedom
Some recognized the terrible injustice of the caste system
Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi
Leader of the Indian National Congress by 1920
Mahatma means “great soul”
What do you remember about Gandhi from the movie?
Gandhi was against the caste system! Yay. Readdress the caste system here.

18. Non-Violent Resistance
Non-cooperation, non-violence, and peaceful resistance
Boycott of foreign goods
Specifically cloth – he made his own
Salt March
March 12 to April 6, 241 mi
Protested the national salt tax
Why else is salt important? What could a deeper meaning of protesting salt be?
Why is salt important? TO SYMBOLIZE ALL THE SALT THEY LOSE IN SWEATING

19. Non-Violent Resistance
Gandhi gained a huge following after the Salt March
Protested for women’s rights and against oppression of the untouchables, and advocated for peace between Hindus and Muslims
Why was this radical at the time?
With a partner, predict: What happened to Gandhi? What happened to India?

20. End of British Rule British rule ended in 1947
Left India poorer than when the British had first arrived. Why?
Brought with it the creation of two new countries
Why? What would be possible reasons for this?

21. Indian Independence Act of 1947
Created the separate states of India and Pakistan
Muslims moved to Pakistan (10 million)
Hindus stayed in India

22. Partition West Pakistan vs. East Pakistan
Partition: division
What other partitions have we learned about?
Led to much violence
Over one million people died 
West Pakistan vs. East Pakistan
What do you think happened?
Why did East Pakistan want its own nation? Think about their locations…
Ethnic differences caused a civil war
Bangladesh became its own nation in 1971
Do you think there is still conflict and violence between Pakistan and India today?

23. Yes, yes there is. Lots of Conflict.
KASHMIR

24. Kashmir; Punjab Region
Both countries claimed Kashmir at their independence in 1947
Constant fighting over the land
Wars and conflicts between Pakistan and India
Why can’t they just become their own nation?
Half Hindu, half Muslim
What do you think will happen?
Sikh leader was assassinated

25. Reading “1947: The Birth of India & Pakistan”
Questions to think about:
-Who was Gandhi & what do we know about him?
-How did British rule begin in India?
-How did Indians resist against British rule? What events sparked anger in the population?
-What happened when the British partitioned India?
-What were the short term effects of partition? What about the long term?

26. If we have time…
Anthony Bourdain! “Punjab”

27. Non-violent resistance DBQ!

28. Debate!
Interviewer:
“Are you in agreement with Dr King’s nonviolent- ”
Malcolm X:
“I don’t believe in any kind of nonviolence. I believe that it is right to be nonviolent with people who are nonviolent. But when you’re dealing with an enemy that doesn’t know what nonviolence is, as far as I’m concerned, you’re wasting your time.”

29. Closure
Ted Talk:

30. Who has more courage?