1. THE MEANING OF ADDICTION: SMOKING IHRA 21st International Conference Liverpool, April, 2010 Stanton Peele

2. I. Four Questions Is smoking addictive? What does addiction mean? How does this help us? Why arent I more popular?

3. II. 1964 Surgeon General's Report Smoking and Health You know the report? Told us smoking caused cancer What did it say about addiction?

4. III. Smoking NOT Addictive It was habituating – like caffeine It was habituating – like caffeine Why not addictive? Why not addictive? Not intoxicating Not intoxicating Smokers not antisocial psychopaths Smokers not antisocial psychopaths

5. IV. 1988 SGR Nicotine Addiction Addiction Changes! Addiction Changes! Dont have to be criminal psychopath Dont have to be criminal psychopath You just have to really want drug You just have to really want drug Belatedly: it does cause withdrawal! Belatedly: it does cause withdrawal!

6. V. Is Caffeine Addictive? Mind experiment Mind experiment What if coffee caused cancer? What if coffee caused cancer? Some people could quit Some people could quit Some people couldnt Some people couldnt

7. VI. Excommunicating "Wrong" Ideas 2002 Addiction editorial about a book 2002 Addiction editorial about a book Two guys claimed nicotine not addictive! Two guys claimed nicotine not addictive! Received money from tobacco lawyers Received money from tobacco lawyers Addiction, the new Catholic Church! Addiction, the new Catholic Church!

8. VII. Who Still Smokes? Everyone here knows – the addicted! Everyone here knows – the addicted! Its the basis for harm reduction Its the basis for harm reduction

9. VIII. NCI 2002 Those Who Continue To Smoke Not More Addicted In summary, these trends do not suggest that the population of smokers who remains is more addicted, more resistant to cessation messages, less likely to attempt cessation, or increasingly composed of those with limited activities or poor mental health. In summary, these trends do not suggest that the population of smokers who remains is more addicted, more resistant to cessation messages, less likely to attempt cessation, or increasingly composed of those with limited activities or poor mental health. Older more dependent more likely to quit! Older more dependent more likely to quit!

10. IX. Poor People Smoke More 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health

11. X. What Does This Tell Us? Im for harm reduction! Im for harm reduction! I pioneered it I pioneered it People can overcome addiction People can overcome addiction Will I be excommunicated? Will I be excommunicated?