1. Section 2:
LIFE IN THE TWENTIES

2. READ TO DISCOVER

3. 1. What impact did prohibition have on crime?
Criminal organizations saw huge profits from the illegal sale/distribution of alcohol because it was the only way for many Americans to get it
Bootlegging (illegal sale/distribution of alcohol) became one of the most profitable businesses in the 1920’s
Al Capone ran Chicago’s most notorious criminal gangs during this period as it sought to control all liquor sales in the city

4. 4. What did the religious movements of the ‘20s & the Scopes Trial reveal about America?
With all of these social changes, many Americans turned to their religion for guidance
Revivalism – to combat the evils of popular entertainment (flappers, speakeasies, etc.), many religious leaders began using Hollywood-style entertainment to spread their message of morality
Fundamentalism – Protestant movement who argued that traditional Christian doctrine should be accepted w/out question
Scopes Trial – Scopes, a science teacher in Tennessee, challenged a state law that banned the teaching of evolution in school. Charles Darrow represented the teacher & William Jennings Bryan represented the state. The judge was biased toward the prosecution and the jury’s conviction (Darrow had to pay $100) showed just how divided America was on religious values vs. new values based on science

5. DEFINE

6. Flappers
During the 1920’s, magazines, movies, & literature described a stylish, adventurous, independent, & career-minded ‘new woman’
These ‘new women’ came to be called ‘flappers’ who enjoyed defying traditional standards of female behavior by wearing bobbed or short hair, driving cars, & participating in sports/leisure activities once thought acceptable only to men (i.e. drinking/dancing in clubs)

7. IDENTIFY

8. Al Capone
Chicago crime boss who ran one of the country’s most successful & violent criminal organizations during the 1920’s
He waged a violent war on rival gangs
These gang wars reached a peak on St Valentine’s Day in 1929 when several of Capone’s gang massacred 7 members of a rival gang
He attracted public attention by dressing in expensive clothing & living a lavish lifestyle

9. Eliot Ness
The federal Prohibition Bureau hired special agent Eliot Ness to stem bootlegging, corruption, & violence in this country during the 1920’s
He organized a top squad of young detectives (the Untouchables) to go after these gangsters & were dedicated & honest, unlike most corrupt city cops who often ignored bootlegging (Hush $)
It’s unclear if Ness ended Capone’s reign in 1931 ‘cuz Capone ended up going to jail for tax evasion

10. 21st Amendment
Prohibition led to the widespread breakdown of law & order as it turned millions of otherwise law-abiding Americans into law-breakers
The 21st Amendment repealed Prohibition (18th Amendment) in 1933

11. Cecil B. DeMille
New advances in the art of moviemaking attracted even larger audiences
Movie director Cecil B. DeMille introduced a new style of filmmaking marked by epic plots & complex characters
Created the biblical epic ‘The Ten Commandments’ (1923)
Also made films focusing on the changing morals of the 1920’s, such as, ‘Why Change your Wife’ (1920) & ‘Forbidden Fruit’ (1921)

12. Babe Ruth
Baseball still remained America’s favorite sport during the 1920’s, even with all of the scandals & corruption in the late teens
One of the most legendary baseball players of all time was Yankees & Red Sox slugger, Babe Ruth
Nicknamed the ‘Great Bambino’, Ruth was one of the greatest hitters in baseball & also won 20 games as a starting pitcher for the Boston Red Sox

13. Section 3:
A creative era

14. READ TO DISCOVER

15. 1. How did Jazz & Blues become popular nationwide?
Many jazz/blues musicians/singers moved from New Orleans & the South to the North, namely New York City & Chicago in the early 1920’s
Ferdinand ‘Jelly Roll’ Morton & Joseph ‘King’ Oliver moved from New Orleans to Chicago
Louis Armstrong joined Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band & spread jazz throughout the country as he toured different cities
As jazz became more popular, other music genres started incorporating jazz/blues elements into their music
Pianist Bix Beiderbeck
George Gershwin used it in his symphonies

16. 2. What impact did the Harlem Renaissance have on American society?
This NYC neighborhood became the cultural center for African American life during the 1920’s
It provided critically-acclaimed & very popular theatrical Broadway performances (Paul Robeson, Rose McClendon)
It also provided a plethora of famous literary works from novels to poetry (Langston Hughes & James W. Johnson)

17. 3. How did writers of the Lost Generation portray American life?
Their work reflected their horror & disillusionment at the death & destruction of WWI
They scorned middle-class consumerism (Ch. 14 s.1) & the superficiality of the postwar years
Their name was coined by poet Gertrude Stein who told Ernest Hemingway, ‘You are all a lost generation’

18. IDENTIFY

19. Louis Armstrong
New Orleans Jazz trumpeter that blended some of the unique characteristics of Blues music into his Jazz melodies
Joined Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band in 1922 & recorded such hits as, ‘Mabel’s Dream’ & ‘Froggie Moore’
Started a renowned solo career in 1924, touring the U.S. & Europe performing his hits, ‘When the Saints Go Marching In’, ‘Savory Blues’, & ‘Hotter Than That’

20. Duke Ellington
Famous African American Jazz musician who played at clubs such as Harlem’s Cotton Club to a growing audience
Reflecting the racism of this era, many of these clubs only admitted white customers, even though many of the Jazz musicians were African American

21. Langston Hughes
Jazz music expressed the sadness, pain, & joy of Black America
Langston Hughes, a famous African American poet, noted that jazz proclaimed, ‘Why should I want to be white? I am a Negro – and beautiful!’
Addressed his poems to African American readers, focusing on their everyday experiences, using language & themes familiar to his readers