1. Greek Achievements
The ancient Greeks made contributions in many fields of learning & developed new innovations because:
The Greeks emphasized education & the pursuit of knowledge
Many Greeks could afford to support academies & centers of learning
Greece’s location along the Mediterranean Sea allowed for trade, the spread of diverse ideas, & the ability to build on achievements from other parts of the ancient world

2. Greek Literature & Drama
Examine the images and answer these questions:
How does the seating arrangement in theater make it easy for the audience to see & hear what is happening?
Why would it be important for actors to wear large masks and colorful costumes?

3. Technology results from necessity
Since Greek coastal cities were sandwiched between the ocean and the sea, they developed an awesome navy for trading and fighting.

4. Technology results from scarcity
All cities need fresh water. This is a Greek aqueduct, basically a brick water pipe.
The first aqueduct was Assyrian, but most ancient societies had them.

5. Terracing saves water and soil in mountainous environments

6. Greek Inventions
The Greeks invented dice.

7. The Greeks were the original Olympiads.
Their scientists studied the best way to
perform sports

8. Greek Invention
The Greeks invented the crane.

9. Greek Architecture Greeks invented arches and columns.
This obviously took advanced mathematics.

10. Greek Architecture
The Greeks were among the most talented architects of the ancient world
The Parthenon, a temple made of marble in honor of the goddess Athena, is probably one of the most famous examples of Greek architecture.
The Greeks used columns (Doric, Ionic and Corinthian) & displayed murals of mythological scenes in their buildings.

11. More Greek Architecture

12. Lincoln Memorial

13. Greek Military This is a catapult, a Greek invention.
It could throw 300 pound stones at walls and buildings

14. Greek Military This is a hoplite, a Greek infantry soldier.
Hoplites were middle-class freemen who had to pay for their own weapon and shield.

15. Greek Military This is a phalanx.
Soldiers get in a tight box. They each have a large shield and a 9 foot long spear.

16. Flamethrower!!!!!

17. Greek Literature & Drama
Homer, the poet wrote the famous stories of The Odyssey and The Iliad, which are read in Language Arts classes all over the world.
Drama was also important to the ancient Greeks. They were the first to develop comedies and tragedies.
Theaters were built that were open-air and built in a way that everyone in the audience could hear and see the action.

18. Greek Mathematics Use the Pythagorian Theroum to solve for “c”.
The value of “a” is 3 and
“b” is 6

19. Greek Mathematics
Ancient Greek mathematicians developed many important concepts that are still used today. Scientists used pi to find circumference of circles.
Euclid developed proofs that became the basis for modern geometry
Pythagoras tried to explain everything in mathematical terms. He created a theorem about relationships of sides of right triangle that is used all over the world called the Pythagorean Theorem

20. Greek Philosophy
Answer the following:
Do you think that questioning is a good way of learning?
Is there such a thing as too many questions? Why or why not?
“As for me, all I know is that I know nothing. “ —Socrates

21. Greek Philosophy Philosophy means “love of wisdom”
Socrates taught students to challenged accepted values in Greece. He thought people must think for themselves to understand truth
Aristotle created the basis for the scientific method (every truths is followed by other logical truths)

22. Greek Astronomy & Geography
Which contribution of the Greeks to astronomy and geography do you think is the MOST important? Make a sketch to represent that idea.

23. Greek Astronomy & Geography
Greek concluded that the sun was larger than earth (they had thought it was smaller than Greece).
While they debated if the sun or the earth was the center of the universe, the astronomer Ptolemy thought that the earth was the center and this would be believed for 14 centuries.
The Greeks were able to determined earth’s true size.

24. Greek Engineering Use the three different levers to lift the stapler.
Which one was easiest?
Sketch that lever in your activity box for this section.

25. Greek Engineering
The Greek scientist Archimedes used engineering to design levers to lift heavy objects as well as a large screw that pumped water from the ground.
Archimedes also invented war machines with reflective metals that used the sun’s heat to burn ships and catapults that threw stones and arrows.

26. Greek Art Answer the following questions:
Why do you think that these and other Greek statutes are considered to be works of art?
What makes
them different
from other art
that you have
seen?

27. Greek Sculpture
The Greeks began carving life-size statues very early on. Greek sculpture was innovative by showing realism & human movement
Greek artists tried to show “ideal human beauty” which often was represented by nude sculptures

28. Greek Medicine Answer the following questions:
What part of the excerpt from the Hippocratic Oath stands out the most to you?
What are doctors promising?
Summarize the quote in a short phrase.
“I swear by Apollo, the healer, and I take to witness all the gods…the following Oath: I will prescribe regimens for the good of my patients according to my ability and my judgment and never do harm to anyone.”
—Excerpt from the Hippocratic Oath

29. Greek Medicine
Hippocrates is called the “father of modern medicine” because he began a school that introduced new medical teachings and practices.
Hippocrates believed that disease was caused by natural events not by the gods.
The Greeks developed the Hippocratic Oath, a pledge that doctors take that emphasizes doctor’s responsibility for their patients.

30. Sparta Spartan society was obsessed with war.
Boys were sent to military school at a young age.
Boys who are born deformed are left to die on mountainsides

31. Alexander the Great Alexander was not from Athens, but Macedonia.
Alexander was a brilliant military strategist.
His favorite book was Homer’s Iliad

32. Alexander conquered the Persian empire and controlled the largest empire the world has ever seen.

33. Alexander spread Hellenistic culture throughout Asia.
Hellenistic is a fancy word for Greek.
Alexander spread Greek technology and ideas throughout his empire

34. Daily Life

35. The daily diet included CEREALS (like wheat and barley), GRAPES, and OLIVES -- commonly called the MEDITERRANEAN TRIAD. 
The Greeks typically made grapes into WINE and olives into OLIVE OIL, so they would keep without refrigeration.  Grains and cereals were commonly used for BREAD and PORRIDGE. 
Diets were supplemented with VEGETABLES and HERBS from kitchen gardens as well as BERRIES, and MUSHROOMS.  The poor usually ate FISH, while oysters, sea urchins, octopus, and eels were considered DELICACIES and only eaten by the wealthy.

36. BREAD in ancient Greece was a very important part of the daily diet
BREAD in ancient Greece was a very important part of the daily diet.  At first all breads were prepared in the embers of a fire.  Eventually the Greeks developed a bread OVEN that is similar in function to the ovens we use today.  Because they required less wood or charcoal (which was expensive), these ovens made bread AVAILABLE TO ALMOST EVERYONE. 
The most common type of bread in Greece was called MAZA which was a flat bread made from barley flour.  Most meals consisted of maza and some sort of accompaniment to the bread called OPSON. This might be vegetables, fish, olives, onions, garlic, fruit, and on a rare occasion, meat. 

37. MEN did most of the hard, muscle power jobs such as PLOWING AND REAPING. 
The WOMEN SOWED SEED, WEEDED THE FIELDS and TENDED THE HOUSEHOLD and CHILDREN.  Women might also grow SMALL GARDENS around the house with vegetables and beans.  Women might also bring in extra income for the farm with a CRAFT TRADE such as weaving that they might sell at a market.

38. Farmers had to give a SMALL PORTION of their crops to the gods as a SACRIFICE and to the city-state for TAXES.  This left the farmers with just enough to feed their families. 
The land was divided very precisely.  Each household in a polis was given a plot of land. This plot would be handed down to the children.  If the farmer could not pay his land taxes; a WEALTHIER LAND OWNER COULD TAKE IT and pay the debt for the farmer.  Many aristocrats built their wealth  this way. 

39. GREEK WOMEN: Greek women had very LITTLE FREEDOM outside the home
GREEK WOMEN: Greek women had very LITTLE FREEDOM outside the home. They could attend weddings, funerals, some religious festivals, and could visit female neighbors for brief periods of time.
In their homes, Greek women were in charge. Their job was to RUN THE HOUSE AND TO BEAR CHILDREN.
Most Greek women themselves as most households had slaves. DID NOT DO HOUSEWORK
FEMALE SLAVES cooked, cleaned, and worked in the fields.
MALE SLAVES watched the door to make sure no one came in when the man of the house was away, except for female neighbors, and acted as tutors to the young male children
Wives and daughters were NOT ALLOWED TO WATCH THE OLYMPIC GAMES as the participants in the games did not wear clothes.

40. GREEK HOUSING: Citizens wanted to live within the CITY because it was the CENTER OF CIVIC LIFE. They built private houses along NARROW STREETS; crowded up against one another
Unlike the luxurious public buildings, houses were built in a simple manner. They were made up of TWO OR THREE ROOMS, around an open air COURTYARD and were made of STONE, WOOD, OR CLAY BRICKS.
LARGER HOMES might also have a KITCHEN, a ROOM FOR BATHING, a MEN’S DINING ROOM, and perhaps a WOMAN’S SITTING AREA.
MEN spent most of the time in the Agora or abroad - only returning home to EAT AND SLEEP.
WOMEN were SEGREGATED in their own quarters - on the ground floor or second level of a two storey home

41. Typical Day of a Greek Housewife.
7:05 Rises
7:08 Eats small piece of bread soaked in wine. Is still hungry, but must be careful about her figure
7:09 Pecks husband on cheek and sends him off to the agora. Sighs. Looks at the four bare (slightly tinted) walls. Rarely allowed out of the house, she prepares for another day at home.
7:15 Summon hand maiden to cool her with huge peacock feather.
8:30 All dressed up with no place to go, she wanders into the kitchen, eyes a piece of honey cake. Resists.
9:27 Hears argument between two servants, rushes out to mediate.
11:15 Wanders into the courtyard near flowerbed where slave girls are spinning and giggling. Asks to join them. Is reminded this is improper behavior - they suggest she ready herself for lunch.
12:15 Husband arrives, chiding her about the foolishness of make-up. Pretends to agree. Husband leaves at 12:22
3:00 Instructs daughter on her duties of being a wife.
8:05 Husband and wife sit down at low table to dinner; bread, oil, wine, a few figs, small portion of fish (only 320 calories) and beans. She hears about his day. He tells her she should not bother about the affairs of men. Pretends to agree. She is too hungry to argue.
10:10 Falls asleep. Does not dream of tomorrow
Excerpt from: Lynn, Schnurnberger. Let There Be Clothes.

42. GREEK CLOTHING: Greek clothing was very SIMPLE.
Men and women wore LINEN IN THE SUMMER and WOOL IN THE WINTER. Women were expected to be decently covered
The ancient Greeks could buy cloth and clothes in the AGORA, the marketplace, but that was expensive.
Most families MADE THEIR OWN clothes, which were SIMPLE TUNICS AND WARM CLOAKS, dyed a bright color or bleached white.
Clothes were MADE BY THE MOTHER, her daughters, and female slaves.

43. According to tradition the first OLYMPICS took place in 776 BC
According to tradition the first OLYMPICS took place in 776 BC. They became a central aspect of Greek culture and in many ways were the most important factor uniting the Greeks, except for their language and mythology.

44. Sports
It is most likely that the Olympic games began as part of a religious festival, which took place in Olympia, in honor of Zeus.
Traditionally, the Greek athletes were naked as they competed. It gave them a chance to show off their muscular bodies.
Events: Javelin; Discus, Running, Etc.

45. Marathon
The Greeks sent their fastest runner Pheidippides to carry home news of the victory.
He sprinted 26.2 miles from the battle site to the city-state of Athens.
He arrived and said, “Rejoice, we conquer,” and died from exhaustion
The Marathon race is named after this event.

47. Discussion Questions
Why do you think scholars call this period in Greek history a “golden age”?
Which Greek achievement do you think is most important? Why?