1. Unit Six: Chapter 27 • abstract • iconoclast • archaic • laudable
• engender • painstaking
• erudite • pompous
• fervor • renown
Page 152 in textbook.

2. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 1 abstract – adjective Abstract means A. vague.
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
1 abstract
– adjective
• For a person who has been blind since birth, color is just an abstract idea.
• A couple may believe in the abstract idea of “commitment,” but they find out what true commitment is only when they face difficult experiences together.
Abstract means
A. vague.
B. absurd.
C. temporary.
Page 152 in textbook.
Answer: A
The next slide explains the answer.

3. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 1 abstract – adjective Abstract means A. vague.
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
1 abstract
– adjective
• For a person who has been blind since birth, color is just an abstract idea.
• A couple may believe in the abstract idea of “commitment,” but they find out what true commitment is only when they face difficult experiences together.
Abstract means
A. vague.
B. absurd.
C. temporary.
Page 152 in textbook.
Although someone blind from birth had never had the sensory experience of different hues, he or she can conceptualize the idea of color in a vague, theoretical way. The actual experience of sustaining a relationship through hardship is contrasted with the vague, theoretical idea of the word commitment.

4. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 2 archaic – adjective Archaic means
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
2 archaic
– adjective
• Computer software is changing so rapidly that a program bought just two years ago is already archaic.
• Marriage vows used to include the bride’s promise to obey her husband. Today many couples consider this archaic and leave it out of the ceremony.
Archaic means
A. old-fashioned.
B. necessary.
C. permanent.
Page 152 in textbook.
Answer: A
The next slide explains the answer.
Painting: Pietro Fabris (18th century)

5. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 2 archaic – adjective Archaic means
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
2 archaic
– adjective
• Computer software is changing so rapidly that a program bought just two years ago is already archaic.
• Marriage vows used to include the bride’s promise to obey her husband. Today many couples consider this archaic and leave it out of the ceremony.
Archaic means
A. old-fashioned.
B. necessary.
C. permanent.
Page 152 in textbook.
Rapid changes make recently bought software quickly seem old-fashioned. Old-fashioned brides’ promises are contrasted with vows more commonly made by couples today.
Photo: Hannes Grobe

6. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 3 engender – verb Engender means A. to endanger.
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
3 engender
– verb
• An introductory music course in school can engender a lifelong love of music.
• Ken’s rivalry with his cousin was engendered long ago, when they were in the same kindergarten class and competed to see who would learn the alphabet first.
Engender means
A. to endanger.
B. to complete.
C. to begin.
Page 152 in textbook.
Answer: C
The next slide explains the answer.
Photo: JustDog

7. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 3 engender – verb Engender means A. to endanger.
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
3 engender
– verb
• An introductory music course in school can engender a lifelong love of music.
• Ken’s rivalry with his cousin was engendered long ago, when they were in the same kindergarten class and competed to see who would learn the alphabet first.
Engender means
A. to endanger.
B. to complete.
C. to begin.
Page 152 in textbook.
Since it’s an introductory course, it would be a place to begin learning to appreciate music. The words long ago suggest that the rivalry began when the cousins were in kindergarten.
Photo: JustDog

8. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 4 erudite – adjective Erudite means A. unskilled.
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
4 erudite
– adjective
• Zahra has earned several graduate degrees, although no one else in her family went to college. Her parents are proud of their erudite daughter.
• You don’t have to be erudite to enjoy action movies—they are designed to entertain you, not make you think.
Erudite means
A. unskilled.
B. learned.
C. kindhearted.
Page 152 in textbook.
Answer: B
The next slide explains the answer.

9. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 4 erudite – adjective Erudite means A. unskilled.
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
4 erudite
– adjective
• Zahra has earned several graduate degrees, although no one else in her family went to college. Her parents are proud of their erudite daughter.
• You don’t have to be erudite to enjoy action movies—they are designed to entertain you, not make you think.
Erudite means
A. unskilled.
B. learned.
C. kindhearted.
Page 152 in textbook.
If Zahra has earned several graduate degrees, she must be learned and scholarly. Because action movies don’t require people to think, people don’t have to be learned and knowledgeable to enjoy them.

10. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 5 fervor – noun Fervor means A. fear. B. humor.
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
5 fervor
– noun
• Before the game, the coach talked to her players with great fervor, making them feel excited and determined to win.
• You can tell that Christy really loves the piano by the fervor with which she practices.
Fervor means
A. fear.
B. humor.
C. passion.
Page 152 in textbook.
Answer: C
The next slide explains the answer.
Photo: Mike Baird from Morro Bay, USA

11. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 5 fervor – noun Fervor means A. fear. B. humor.
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
5 fervor
– noun
• Before the game, the coach talked to her players with great fervor, making them feel excited and determined to win.
• You can tell that Christy really loves the piano by the fervor with which she practices.
Fervor means
A. fear.
B. humor.
C. passion.
Page 152 in textbook.
A pep talk full of passion would make the team feel excited and determined to win. The phrase “really loves” suggests that Christy shows passion when she practices the piano.
Photo: Mike Baird from Morro Bay, USA

12. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 6 iconoclast – noun Iconoclast means
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
6 iconoclast
– noun
• Many people regard Steve Jobs, founder of Apple, as a brilliant iconoclast for the way he overthrew established beliefs about the personal computer industry.
• It’s always risky to have Grandma and Jeff in the same room. Grandma is a very traditional Italian Catholic, while Jeff is an iconoclast who makes jokes about the Pope and questions the teachings of Catholicism.
Iconoclast means
A. a conservative.
B. a rebel.
C. a criminal.
Page 152 in textbook.
Answer: B
The next slide explains the answer.
Painting: Dirck van Delen (1671)

13. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 6 iconoclast – noun Iconoclast means
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
6 iconoclast
– noun
• Many people regard Steve Jobs, founder of Apple, as a brilliant iconoclast for the way he overthrew established beliefs about the personal computer industry.
• It’s always risky to have Grandma and Jeff in the same room. Grandma is a very traditional Italian Catholic, while Jeff is an iconoclast who makes jokes about the Pope and questions the teachings of Catholicism.
Iconoclast means
A. a conservative.
B. a rebel.
C. a criminal.
Page 152 in textbook.
If Jobs overthrew established beliefs, then he must have been a rebel. Someone who questions traditional teachings and jokes about sacred beliefs is a rebel.
Painting: Dirck van Delen (1671)

14. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 7 laudable – adjective Laudable means
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
7 laudable
– adjective
• The work of the Prom Committee was really laudable. As people entered the ballroom and saw the magnificent decorations, many burst into applause.
• The congresswoman has demonstrated a laudable concern for the voters, who have shown their appreciation by reelecting her twice.
Laudable means
A. admirable.
B. insufficient.
C. undesirable.
Page 153 in textbook.
Answer: A
The next slide explains the answer.

15. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 7 laudable – adjective Laudable means
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
7 laudable
– adjective
• The work of the Prom Committee was really laudable. As people entered the ballroom and saw the magnificent decorations, many burst into applause.
• The congresswoman has demonstrated a laudable concern for the voters, who have shown their appreciation by reelecting her twice.
Laudable means
A. admirable.
B. insufficient.
C. undesirable.
Page 153 in textbook.
The people who burst into applause must have viewed the Prom Committee’s decorating work as admirable. Voters must have viewed the demonstration of concern as admirable if they appreciated it enough to reelect the congresswoman twice.

16. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 8 painstaking – adjective Painstaking means
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
8 painstaking
– adjective
• The painstaking effort that went into the century-old patchwork quilt is hard to imagine. There are thousands of tiny patches, each stitched patiently by hand.
• Providing footnotes and a bibliography for a paper is painstaking work. Don’t leave this task until the last minute, but start working on it from the beginning.
Painstaking means
A. causing harm.
B. done with great care.
C. very enjoyable.
Page 153 in textbook.
Answer: B
The next slide explains the answer.
Photo: Dada

17. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 8 painstaking – adjective Painstaking means
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
8 painstaking
– adjective
• The painstaking effort that went into the century-old patchwork quilt is hard to imagine. There are thousands of tiny patches, each stitched patiently by hand.
• Providing footnotes and a bibliography for a paper is painstaking work. Don’t leave this task until the last minute, but start working on it from the beginning.
Painstaking means
A. causing harm.
B. done with great care.
C. very enjoyable.
Page 153 in textbook.
The quilt was done with great care since thousands of tiny patches had to be individually hand-stitched. Footnotes and bibliography require much time if they are to be done with great care.
Photo: Dada

18. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 9 pompous – adjective Pompous means
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
9 pompous
– adjective
• The ship’s captain was so pompous that he would not eat at the same table with his officers. Instead, he sat in solitary splendor at a special table set with the ship’s best china.
• “Do you expect me to stand in line with all these people to buy a concert ticket?” the man asked in a pompous voice. “Don’t you realize who I am and how valuable my time is?”
Pompous means
A. self-important.
B. modest.
C. cruel.
Page 153 in textbook.
Answer: A
The next slide explains the answer.
Painting: Honoré Daumier

19. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 9 pompous – adjective Pompous means
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
9 pompous
– adjective
• The ship’s captain was so pompous that he would not eat at the same table with his officers. Instead, he sat in solitary splendor at a special table set with the ship’s best china.
• “Do you expect me to stand in line with all these people to buy a concert ticket?” the man asked in a pompous voice. “Don’t you realize who I am and how valuable my time is?”
Pompous means
A. self-important.
B. modest.
C. cruel.
Page 153 in textbook.
The captain was so self-important that he felt no one was worthy to sit with him at meals. The ticket buyer was so self-important that he felt his time was more valuable than anyone else’s.
Painting: Honoré Daumier

20. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 10 renown – noun Renown means A. criticism.
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
10 renown
– noun
• The artist Vincent van Gogh was unknown in his lifetime, but after his death, he gained great renown.
• Throughout our neighborhood, Mrs. Lewis has won renown for her fabulous chocolate-chip cookies.
Renown means
A. criticism.
B. reality.
C. fame.
Page 153 in textbook.
Answer: C
The next slide explains the answer.

21. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 10 renown – noun Renown means A. criticism.
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
10 renown
– noun
• The artist Vincent van Gogh was unknown in his lifetime, but after his death, he gained great renown.
• Throughout our neighborhood, Mrs. Lewis has won renown for her fabulous chocolate-chip cookies.
Renown means
A. criticism.
B. reality.
C. fame.
Page 153 in textbook.
The fact that van Gogh was unknown during his lifetime is contrasted with the great fame he gained after his death. Mrs. Lewis must have won local fame for her cookies if everyone in the neighborhood knows about them.

22. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. abstract B. archaic C. engender
D. erudite
E. fervor
F. iconoclast G. laudable H. painstaking
I. pompous
J. renown
1. Today’s children have been brought up with cell phones. To them, their grandmother’s old-fashioned rotary dial telephone looks positively _________.
2. We are lucky to have such a(n) ________ speaker with us today. Dr. Volkmer holds three doctoral degrees and has taught at some of the world’s most prestigious° universities.
Page 154 in textbook.
Answers: 1. archaic; 2. erudite
The next slide explains the answers.

23. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. abstract B. archaic C. engender
D. erudite
E. fervor
F. iconoclast G. laudable H. painstaking
I. pompous
J. renown
1. Today’s children have been brought up with cell phones. To them, their grandmother’s old-fashioned rotary dial telephone looks positively _________.
archaic
The word old-fashioned suggests that archaic means “out-of-date.”
2. We are lucky to have such an _________ speaker with us today. Dr. Volkmer holds three doctoral degrees and has taught at some of the world’s most prestigious° universities.
erudite
Page 154 in textbook.
The speaker must have great knowledge if he has studied enough to earn three doctoral degrees.

24. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. abstract B. archaic C. engender
D. erudite
E. fervor
F. iconoclast G. laudable H. painstaking
I. pompous
J. renown
3. Year after year, the town pageant was very traditional until its new director—a real _________—decided to wrap the actors in aluminum foil and have them speak their lines in rap style. His predecessor°, in a letter to the editor, chastised° him for desecrating° the production.
4. I knew that Tai would feel strongly about our change of plans, but I didn’t expect him to respond with such _________. His emotional tirade° lasted half an hour.
Page 154 in textbook.
Answers: 3. iconoclast; 4. fervor; 5. abstract
The next slide explains the answers.
5. Dave and his brother Barry are very different. Dave is down-to-earth and practical, while Barry loves to discuss _________ concepts like infinity and time.

25. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. abstract B. archaic C. engender
D. erudite
E. fervor
F. iconoclast G. laudable H. painstaking
I. pompous
J. renown
3. Year after year, the town pageant was very traditional until its new director—a real _________—decided to wrap the actors in aluminum foil and have them speak their lines in rap style. His predecessor°, in a letter to the editor, chastised° him for desecrating° the production.
iconoclast
The new director attacked the traditional ideas of the preceding pageants.
4. I knew that Tai would feel strongly about our change of plans, but I didn’t expect him to respond with such _________. His emotional tirade° lasted half an hour.
fervor
Page 154 in textbook.
A long, emotional tirade is a response that shows great intensity of emotion.
5. Dave and his brother Barry are very different. Dave is down-to-earth and practical, while Barry loves to discuss _________ concepts like infinity and time.
abstract
The down-to-earth, practical brother is contrasted with one who enjoys theoretical concepts like infinity and time.

26. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. abstract B. archaic C. engender
D. erudite
E. fervor
F. iconoclast G. laudable H. painstaking
I. pompous
J. renown
6. Little things can often _________ long-standing hostility. My aunts were on bad terms for years because one of them turned down a dinner invitation from the other. They were never able to rectify° this injury to their cordial° relationship.
7. The new biography of Emily Dickinson won high praise. “The author’s __________ research has revealed many details about the poet that were not previously known,” one reviewer wrote.
Page 154 in textbook.
Answers: 6. engender; 7. painstaking
The next slide explains the answers.

27. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. abstract B. archaic C. engender
D. erudite
E. fervor
F. iconoclast G. laudable H. painstaking
I. pompous
J. renown
6. Little things can often _________ long-standing hostility. My aunts were on bad terms for years because one of them turned down a dinner invitation from the other. They were never able to rectify° this injury to their cordial° relationship.
engender
Turning down an invitation was a little thing that produced lasting hostility.
7. The new biography of Emily Dickinson won high praise. “The author’s __________ research has revealed many details about the poet that were not previously known,” one reviewer wrote.
painstaking
Page 154 in textbook.
The biographer must have taken great effort and been diligent to uncover details that no one had ever known before.

28. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. abstract B. archaic C. engender
D. erudite
E. fervor
F. iconoclast G. laudable H. painstaking
I. pompous
J. renown
8. After winning a diminutive° part in a Broadway show, the actor became so _________ and supercilious° that he wouldn’t speak to his old friends. “I don’t have time for little people,” he said.
9. That restaurant enjoys such _________ that it’s almost impossible to get a reservation there—the tables are booked months in advance.
Page 154 in textbook.
Answers: 8. pompous; 9. renown; 10. laudable
The next slide explains the answers.
10. “It’s _________ to go out and help clean up the neighborhood streets,” Mother told us, “but it would also be praiseworthy for you to clean up your rooms.”

29. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. abstract B. archaic C. engender
D. erudite
E. fervor
F. iconoclast G. laudable H. painstaking
I. pompous
J. renown
8. After winning a diminutive° part in a Broadway show, the actor became so _________ and supercilious° that he wouldn’t speak to his old friends. “I don’t have time for little people,” he said.
pompous
An inflated idea of his own importance as an actor made him arrogant.
9. That restaurant enjoys such _________ that it’s almost impossible to get a reservation there—the tables are booked months in advance.
renown
Page 154 in textbook.
It must enjoy widespread acclaim if it’s fully booked months in advance.
10. “It’s _________ to go out and help clean up the neighborhood streets,” Mother told us, “but it would also be praiseworthy for you to clean up your rooms.”
laudable
The word praiseworthy suggests that laudable means “deserving admiration.”