1. Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid

2. Functions of DNA Stores Information Copying Information
Transmitting Information

3. Storing Information
Must store all information necessary for your body to function.
Examples: A purple flower must have instructions to make a purple pigment protein
A brown-eyed girl must have the information to make a pigment for brown eyes
Everyone must (hopefully) have the proteins for making digestion enzymes, hormones, etc.

4. Copying Information Cells divide to make new cells.
All cells (except red blood cells) must have a complete copy of DNA…before the cell divides
-Mitosis: Cell division of somatic cells (non-sex cells)
-Meiosis: Cell division of sex cells (gametes) egg and sperm.

5. Transmitting Information
All information passed along to offspring- the good and the bad

6. Structure of DNA Fourth macromolecule: Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides are the building blocks (monomers) of nucleic acids.

7. THREE PARTS OF NUCLEOTIDES
5-carbon sugar called deoxyribose
Phosphate group (made of elements phosphorous and oxygen)
Nitrogenous bases – 4 kinds in DNA
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T)

8. DNA Molecule

9. DNA Replication
DNA copied/replicated during interphase (S) of the cell cycle.
Enzymes Involved:
Helicase –”unzips” or breaks hydrogen bonds – exposes base pairs
DNA Polymerase adds complementary base pairs (A to T and G to C)
Ligase – involved in adding new backbone to new strands.

10. DNA Replicaiton