1. This presentation is brought to you by Grammar Bytes
This presentation is brought to you by Grammar Bytes!, ©2018 by Robin L. Simmons.

2. Misplaced Modifiers
Should I put my modifier at the beginning of the sentence?
Or would it be better in the middle? Or at the end?

3. This presentation covers placing modifiers correctly.

4. A misplaced and/or inappropriately used modifier item on an objective test might look like this . . .

5. Are the modifiers placed correctly at A, B, or C?
Sample Item
Broken and dusty, Clarence found an old computer in the garage.
Broken and dusty, the garage had an old computer that was found by Clarence.
In the garage, Clarence found an old computer that was broken and dusty.
Broken and dusty, Clarence found an old computer in the garage.
Broken and dusty, the garage had an old computer that was found by Clarence.
In the garage, Clarence found an old computer that was broken and dusty.
sung
was chosing
drove
No change is necessary.
C is correct; the computer — not Clarence, not the garage — is broken and dusty.
Are the modifiers placed correctly at A, B, or C?

6. Place a present participle phrase right before or right after the word it describes.
Present participle: verb + ing
The children ate banana splits dripping with hot fudge and whipped cream.
Dripping with hot fudge and whipped cream, the children ate banana splits.
Good! Now the banana splits are dripping with hot fudge!
Well, that sounds as if the children are dripping with the hot fudge!

7. Place a past participle phrase right before or right after the word it describes.
Past participle: regular = verb + ed; irregular forms vary.
Angered by the football score, Paul kicked the television in the living room.
In the living room, Paul kicked the television angered by the football score.
Right! This sounds as if Paul is angered by the football score!
This sounds as if the television is angered by the football score!

8. Place an adjective clause right after the word it describes.
An adjective clause begins with a word such as that, which, or who.
The landscaper wrestled the old lawnmower that coughed and choked through the long grass.
The landscaper wrestled the old lawnmower through the long grass that coughed and choked.
That makes sense! An old lawn mower can cough and choke!
I don’t know about you, but I have never heard grass cough and choke!

9. To place modifiers correctly, avoid passive voice verbs.
Passive voice: form of be + past participle + by.
Typing furiously, Beatrice finished the essay by the 3 p.m. deadline.
Typing furiously, the essay was finished by Beatrice just before the 3 p.m. deadline.
This is logical! Beatrice can type an essay!
I wish my essays typed themselves! But that’s just not logical!

10. Let’s see what you can do.
Quick Test
Directions: In the items that follow, choose the sentence in which the modifiers are correctly placed.
Let’s see what you can do.

11. Item 1
Sitting on the top shelf of the refrigerator, Desmond saw Mom’s pristine birthday cake.
Desmond, sitting on the top shelf of the refrigerator, saw Mom’s pristine birthday cake
Sitting on the top shelf of the refrigerator, Mom’s pristine birthday cake caught Desmond’s attention.
Sitting on the top shelf of the refrigerator, Desmond saw Mom’s pristine birthday cake.
Desmond, sitting on the top shelf of the refrigerator, saw Mom’s pristine birthday cake
Sitting on the top shelf of the refrigerator, Mom’s pristine birthday cake caught Desmond’s attention.

12. Item 2
Loudly slurping the bowl of hot soup, Derrick’s impolite behavior annoyed the other diner patrons.
As Derrick loudly slurped the bowl of hot soup, his impolite behavior annoyed the other diner patrons.
Loudly slurping the hot soup, the other diner patrons were annoyed by Derrick’s impolite behavior.
Loudly slurping the bowl of hot soup, Derrick’s impolite behavior annoyed the other diner patrons.
As Derrick loudly slurped the bowl of hot soup, his impolite behavior annoyed the other diner patrons.
Loudly slurping the hot soup, the other diner patrons were annoyed by Derrick’s impolite behavior.

13. Item 3
Seated by the window, Barbara munched popcorn on the long bus ride home.
Seated by the window, popcorn was munched by Barbara on the long bus ride home.
Barbara munched popcorn seated by the window on the long bus ride home.
Seated by the window, Barbara munched popcorn on the long bus ride home.
Seated by the window, popcorn was munched by Barbara on the long bus ride home.
Barbara munched popcorn seated by the window on the long bus ride home.

14. Item 4
Rosalind struggled up the three flights of stairs in her new jeans, which were too tight for comfort.
Too tight for comfort, Rosalind struggled up the three flights of stairs in her new jeans.
In her new jeans, Rosalind struggled up three flights of stairs, which were too tight for comfort.
Rosalind struggled up the three flights of stairs in her new jeans, which were too tight for comfort.
Too tight for comfort, Rosalind struggled up the three flights of stairs in her new jeans.
In her new jeans, Rosalind struggled up three flights of stairs, which were too tight for comfort.

15. Item 5
Twisting in the strong wind, we knew the hurricane was close as we watched the trees.
We knew the hurricane was close as we watched the trees twisting in the strong wind.
We knew the hurricane was close, twisting in the wind, as we watched the trees.
Twisting in the strong wind, we knew the hurricane was close as we watched the trees.
We knew the hurricane was close as we watched the trees twisting in the strong wind.
We knew the hurricane was close, twisting in the wind, as we watched the trees.

16. Item 6
Applying red toenail paint, Will asked Rhonda if she could interrupt her beauty regimen to go to the mall.
Will asked Rhonda, who was applying red toenail paint, if she could interrupt her beauty regimen to go to the mall.
Will asked if Rhonda could interrupt her beauty regimen to go to the mall, which was applying red toenail paint.
Applying red toenail paint, Will asked Rhonda if she could interrupt her beauty regimen to go to the mall.
Will asked Rhonda, who was applying red toenail paint, if she could interrupt her beauty regimen to go to the mall.
Will asked if Rhonda could interrupt her beauty regimen to go to the mall, which was applying red toenail paint.

17. Item 7
Struggling with the algebra problem, the pencil tapped nervously on Kenneth’s desk.
Struggling with the algebra problem, Kenneth’s desk was tapped nervously with the pencil.
Struggling with the algebra problem, Kenneth nervously tapped his pencil on the desk.
Struggling with the algebra problem, the pencil tapped nervously on Kenneth’s desk.
Struggling with the algebra problem, Kenneth’s desk was tapped nervously with the pencil.
Struggling with the algebra problem, Kenneth nervously tapped his pencil on the desk.

18. Item 8
Marking his score sheet with care, the hope this week was that Byron would pass his vocabulary quiz.
Marking his score sheet with care, Byron hoped that this week he would pass his vocabulary quiz.
Hoping that this week he would pass his vocabulary quiz, the score sheet was marked carefully by Byron.
Marking his score sheet with care, the hope this week was that Byron would pass his vocabulary quiz.
Marking his score sheet with care, Byron hoped that this week he would pass his vocabulary quiz.
Hoping that this week he would pass his vocabulary quiz, the score sheet was marked carefully by Byron.

19. Item 9
Splashing in the puddles left by the thunderstorm, Jayanti cooled her hot feet.
Splashing in the puddles left by the thunderstorm, the cool water refreshed Jayanti’s hot feet.
Splashing in the puddles, the thunderstorm cooled Jayanti’s hot feet.
Splashing in the puddles left by the thunderstorm, Jayanti cooled her hot feet.
Splashing in the puddles left by the thunderstorm, the cool water refreshed Jayanti’s hot feet.
Splashing in the puddles, the thunderstorm cooled Jayanti’s hot feet.

20. Item 10
Huddled by the door, the rain made the wet kitten cry to come in.
Crying to come in, the door is where the wet kitten huddled during the rain.
Huddled by the door, the wet kitten cried to come in from the rain.
Huddled by the door, the rain made the wet kitten cry to come in.
Crying to come in, the door is where the wet kitten huddled during the rain.
Huddled by the door, the wet kitten cried to come in from the rain.

21. Grammar Bytes! provides additional handouts and exercises on misplaced modifiers. Go to chompchomp.com!

22. The End.