1. Protein Synthesis

2. Protein Synthesis Overview
What does DNA actually do?

3. Protein Synthesis Overview
What does DNA actually do?
Contains the genetic instructions for making proteins.

4. Protein Synthesis Overview
What do those proteins do?

5. Protein Synthesis Overview
What do those proteins do?
Many different functions in your body such as enzymes, transport molecules, and helping your muscles to move.
Proteins help to show different physical traits

6. GENE
What is a gene?

7. Protein Synthesis Overview
What is a gene?
A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein, and therefore, determines a trait.

8. Protein Synthesis (Making proteins)
Protein Synthesis: the process by which the DNA sequence (gene) provides instructions that control the production of proteins within the cell.
Protein Synthesis two step process:
1. Transcription
2. Translation

9. CENTRAL DOGMA
DNA RNA Proteins
Transcription
Translation

10. Transcription
Transcription is the process of making mRNA using DNA as a template.

11. Transcription
A signal tells the enzymes where to start making mRNA. Only one gene is transcribed at a time.

12. Transcription Genes on DNA code for mRNA which make proteins.
This occurs in the nucleus of the cell.

13. When a problem tells you to transcribe, you are to write the mRNA sequence.

14. Transcription- Review
mRNA molecules are produced by copying part of the DNA sequence into a complementary in RNA
What? DNA to mRNA
Where? Occurs in the nucleus
Why? So that a disposable copy of the DNA instructions can be made and sent outside of the nucleus to make a protein
How?
Enzyme RNA polymerase uses one DNA strand (as a template)
With base pairing rules (except U instead of T), a new complementary strand of RNA forms