1. Madeleine Leininger’s Theory of Transcultural Nursing
Ferris State University
Ashley Bareham, Vivian Liverance
Emily Nelson & Amy Nohel

2. Madeleine Leininger’s Cultural Diversity and Universality Theory
“nursing care based on knowledge that is culturally defined, classified, and tested.”
“People are born, live, become ill and die within a cultural belief and practice system but are dependent upon human care for growth and survival.”

3. Transcultural Nursing and Evidence Based Practice
Effective and Culturally Congruent Patient Care

4. Metaparadigm Concepts and Leininger’s Cultural Diversity and Universality Theory

5. Metaparadigms
Person: Individuals, families, groups of people and communities defined within the context of their culture. Environment: “Totality of an event, situation, or experience that gives meaning to human expressions, interpretations, and social interactions in physical, ecological, sociopolitical and/or cultural settings” (Masters, 2014). Health: Well being as defined by one’s culture, values and beliefs. Nursing: Addressing the patient’s whole person, including their cultural environment to improve the health of the patient while adhering to his or her cultural beliefs.

6. Transcultural Nursing and the Contemporary Health Care Environment
Culture specific care
Cultural values
World views
Social structures
Environmental concerns
Local
regional
global

7. References
Black, B.P. (2014). Professional nursing: Concepts and challenges (7th ed.). Maryland Heights, MO: Saunders Chitty, K. K., & Black, B. P. (2011). Professional nursing: Concepts and challenges (6th ed.). Maryland Heights, MO: Saunders Elsevier. Leininger, M. M. (1988) Leininger's theory of nursing: cultural care diversity and universality. Nursing Science Quarterly, 1(4), doi: / Leininger, M. M., (2007). Theoretical questions and concerns: Response from the theory of culture care diversity and universality perspective. Nursing science quarterly, 20(1), doi: /

8. Continued: Masters, K., (2014). Role development in professional
nursing practice (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: James
and Bartlett Learning.
Nursing Theory. (2013). Madeleine Leininger - Nursing Theorist. Nursingtheory.org. Retrieved from Leininger.php
Sunrise model [online image]. Retrieved April 5, 2014 from
White, K.M. & O’Sullivan, A. (Eds.). (2012). The essential guide to nursing practice. Washington D.C: Author