Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

ANATOMY Unit 2 Notes: Cells & Organization

Similar presentations


Presentation on theme: "ANATOMY Unit 2 Notes: Cells & Organization"— Presentation transcript:

1 ANATOMY Unit 2 Notes: Cells & Organization

2 (1) Neurons Neuron = Nerve Cell Types: Multipolar + Unipolar
Basic Structural Components: Dendrites (Incoming) Cell Body (Integrate + Process) Axon (Outgoing) Myelin Sheath (Insulation + Speed) Axon Terminal (Final Destination)

3

4

5 (2) Unipolar Neurons Use: Afferent Input (Sensory Input) Main Job:
Get message to CNS Let CNS process and decide (NO need to have cell body right by dendrites) Process: Dendrites connected to sensory organ Message sent to cell body  Out Axon Message sent out of axon terminal

6

7 (3) Multipolar Neurons Use: Efferent Output (Motor Output) Main Job:
Organize messages by importance Make organs do things (Important to have cell body right next to dendrites) Process: Cell body directly connected to dendrites Dendrites coming from CNS / Efferent path  effected organ

8

9 (4) Neuroglia Function: Support, insulate and protect neurons. Types:
Cannot transmit nerve impulses Can continuously divide through mitosis Types: Astrocytes Microglia Ependymal Oligodendrocytes Schwann Cells & Satellite Cells

10 (5) Astrocytes Connect neurons to capillaries
Transfer blood-nutrients to neurons (and neuron waste to blood)

11

12

13 (6) Microglia Phagocytize neuron debris and infectious agents.

14

15 (7) Ependymal Cells Pillow-Shaped cells
Line brain and spinal cord cavities Beat cilia + Circulate cerebrospinal fluid Provide Shock Absorption

16

17 (8) Oligodendrocytes Flat, Straw-Shaped cells
Wrap around a neuron’s axon Fatty insulation for axon (myelin sheath)

18

19 (9) Schwann & Satellite Cells
Schwann Cell: Form Myelin Sheath around axons Cover Oligodendrocytes Satellite Cell: Protective Cushioning Surround Cell body of neurons

20 (10) Junctions Junction = Meeting of Neuron + Neuron or Neuron + Organ
A.K.A.  Synapse, Synaptic Cleft Nerve Impulse  Axon  Axon Terminal  Release Neurotransmitter Neurotransmitter = Chemical Message Causes an effect Binds with cell membrane on other side

21

22 (11) Nervous System Organization
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (SENSORY / AFFERENT INPUT) PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (MOTOR / EFFERENT OUTPUT) BODY (INITIAL STIMULUS / IMBALANCE) AUTONOMIC (INVOLUNTARY) SOMATIC (VOLUNTARY) SYMPATHETIC (FIGHT / FLIGHT) PARASYMPATHETIC (REST & DIGEST)

23 (12) Defining the Levels Sensory = Afferent = Going to the CNS
Motor = Efferent = Going away from the CNS Somatic = Voluntary Autonomic = Involuntary Sympathetic = Emotional Parasympathetic = Non-Emotional

24 (13) Voluntary Responses
Voluntary = You consciously choose to move a body part / respond. Pathway: Motor / Efferent Division Central Nervous System Somatic Division Sensory / Afferent Division Stimulus Effector Organ

25 (14) Involuntary Emotional Responses
Involuntary = Without control. Emotional = Scared, Anxious, Angry, Happy, Excited Pathway: Motor / Efferent Division Autonomic Division Central Nervous System Sensory / Afferent Division Sympathetic Division Stimulus Effector Organ

26 (15) Involuntary Non-Emotional Responses
Involuntary = Without control. Non-Emotional = Every day homeostatic mechanisms. Pathway: Motor / Efferent Division Autonomic Division Central Nervous System Sensory / Afferent Division Parasympathetic Division Stimulus Effector Organ


Download ppt "ANATOMY Unit 2 Notes: Cells & Organization"

Similar presentations


Ads by Google