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Published byChristopher Freeman Modified over 6 years ago
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ANATOMY Unit 2 Notes: Cells & Organization
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(1) Neurons Neuron = Nerve Cell Types: Multipolar + Unipolar
Basic Structural Components: Dendrites (Incoming) Cell Body (Integrate + Process) Axon (Outgoing) Myelin Sheath (Insulation + Speed) Axon Terminal (Final Destination)
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(2) Unipolar Neurons Use: Afferent Input (Sensory Input) Main Job:
Get message to CNS Let CNS process and decide (NO need to have cell body right by dendrites) Process: Dendrites connected to sensory organ Message sent to cell body Out Axon Message sent out of axon terminal
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(3) Multipolar Neurons Use: Efferent Output (Motor Output) Main Job:
Organize messages by importance Make organs do things (Important to have cell body right next to dendrites) Process: Cell body directly connected to dendrites Dendrites coming from CNS / Efferent path effected organ
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(4) Neuroglia Function: Support, insulate and protect neurons. Types:
Cannot transmit nerve impulses Can continuously divide through mitosis Types: Astrocytes Microglia Ependymal Oligodendrocytes Schwann Cells & Satellite Cells
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(5) Astrocytes Connect neurons to capillaries
Transfer blood-nutrients to neurons (and neuron waste to blood)
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(6) Microglia Phagocytize neuron debris and infectious agents.
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(7) Ependymal Cells Pillow-Shaped cells
Line brain and spinal cord cavities Beat cilia + Circulate cerebrospinal fluid Provide Shock Absorption
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(8) Oligodendrocytes Flat, Straw-Shaped cells
Wrap around a neuron’s axon Fatty insulation for axon (myelin sheath)
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(9) Schwann & Satellite Cells
Schwann Cell: Form Myelin Sheath around axons Cover Oligodendrocytes Satellite Cell: Protective Cushioning Surround Cell body of neurons
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(10) Junctions Junction = Meeting of Neuron + Neuron or Neuron + Organ
A.K.A. Synapse, Synaptic Cleft Nerve Impulse Axon Axon Terminal Release Neurotransmitter Neurotransmitter = Chemical Message Causes an effect Binds with cell membrane on other side
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(11) Nervous System Organization
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (SENSORY / AFFERENT INPUT) PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (MOTOR / EFFERENT OUTPUT) BODY (INITIAL STIMULUS / IMBALANCE) AUTONOMIC (INVOLUNTARY) SOMATIC (VOLUNTARY) SYMPATHETIC (FIGHT / FLIGHT) PARASYMPATHETIC (REST & DIGEST)
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(12) Defining the Levels Sensory = Afferent = Going to the CNS
Motor = Efferent = Going away from the CNS Somatic = Voluntary Autonomic = Involuntary Sympathetic = Emotional Parasympathetic = Non-Emotional
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(13) Voluntary Responses
Voluntary = You consciously choose to move a body part / respond. Pathway: Motor / Efferent Division Central Nervous System Somatic Division Sensory / Afferent Division Stimulus Effector Organ
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(14) Involuntary Emotional Responses
Involuntary = Without control. Emotional = Scared, Anxious, Angry, Happy, Excited Pathway: Motor / Efferent Division Autonomic Division Central Nervous System Sensory / Afferent Division Sympathetic Division Stimulus Effector Organ
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(15) Involuntary Non-Emotional Responses
Involuntary = Without control. Non-Emotional = Every day homeostatic mechanisms. Pathway: Motor / Efferent Division Autonomic Division Central Nervous System Sensory / Afferent Division Parasympathetic Division Stimulus Effector Organ
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