1. Laser Beam Machining
Fig : Schematic illustration of the laser-beam machining process.
( Examples of holes produced in nonmetallic parts by LBM.)

2. Laser Beam Machining
Schematic diagram of a laser beam machine1

3. 3d) Laser Beam Machining (LBM)
Generally used for: drilling, slitting, slotting, scribing, and marking operations
Holes can be made down to mm
Generally used on thin stock material

4. Laser Beam Machining LBM is a process in which removal
of work material takes place by an
Intense monochromatic beam of light
( Coherent beam ) called the Laser.
2. Here solid state laser i.e. ruby
Crystal rod is used , which is doped
With a small amount of chromium oxide.
Initially the atoms of a medium are at ground state.

5. Laser Beam Machining Laser Concept Photon Emission Model
Nucleus
Electron
Ground State
Excited State
Orbits
Photon
Electron is energized to the excited state
Electron relaxes to ground state and photon is produced
Photon Emission Model
Proton and neutron
are in the nucleus.
Electron revolve
around the nucleus
in a circular orbit
3. When a mass of energy from a light source( xenon flash lamp ) is made to fall on this medium ( ruby crystal rod ), it causes absorption of radiation by the atoms of the medium.
4.This results in electron of the atoms of the medium to jump to upper energy level which is excited state. From excited state, the atoms immediately begins to drop to their ground state.
5.This chain reaction results in the emission of photon which is extremely rapid

6. Laser Beam Machining More precise
6. When this light ( photon ) is focused through
ordinary lenses at spot on the work piece,
High energy density is obtained which removes
metal
Advantages :
More precise
Useful with a variety of materials: metals, composites, plastics, and ceramics
Smooth, clean cuts
Faster process
Decreased heat-affected zone

7. Laser Beam Machining 1.The process is limited to thin sheet plates.
Disadvantages :
1.The process is limited to thin sheet plates.
2. Low rate of metal removal
3. Life of flash lamp is short.
4.Cost of equipment is high
5.The machined holes are not round and straight