1. Rachel Akisada & Melanie Kingsley
How The Internet Works
Rachel Akisada & Melanie Kingsley

2. Overview ICANN Registrar Domain Name Registration DNS Servers
Web Hosting

3. What ICANN Does Coordinates unique identifiers across the world
Allows us to have predictable results
Helps coordinate how IP addresses are supplied
Develops policy on the internet’s unique identifiers
-ICANN is the central repository for IP addresses
-ICANN then gives out ranges of IP addresses to regional registries who then give them to network providers.

4. What is ICANN? Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
Not for profit
Board of Directors
President & CEO
Staff based around the globe
ICANN Ombudsman
Board of Directors: 21 members, 15 can vote with 6 liaisons. 8 of them are chosen by an Independent Nominating Committee and the remainder are nominated members from supporting organizations.
ICANN then has a President and CEO who is also a Board member and who directs the work of ICANN staff, who are based across the globe and help co-ordinate, manage and finally implement all the different discussions and decisions made by the supporting organisations and advisory committees. An ICANN Ombudsman acts as an independent reviewer of the work of the ICANN staff and Board.

5. Support Organizations
IP addresses
Domain names
Managers of country code top-level domains

6. Advisory Organizations
Four advisory organizations
Governments and international treaty organizations
Root server operators
Internet security
“At large” community (average internet users)

7. How it make decisions Awareness of issue or change
Discuss and produce report for public review
Board receives report
Board discusses the matter
Makes decision
Can be repeated until all parties satisfied
When it comes to making technical changes to the Internet, here is a simplified rundown of the process:
Any issue of concern or suggested changes to the existing network is typically raised within one of the supporting organisations (often following a report by one of the advisory committees), where it is discussed and a report produced which is then put out for public review.
If the suggested changes impact on any other group within ICANN’s system, that group also reviews the suggested changes and makes its views known. The result is then put out for public review a second time.
At the end of that process, the ICANN Board is provided with a report outlining all the previous discussions and with a list of recommendations. The Board then discusses the matter and either approves the changes, approves some and rejects others, rejects all of them, or sends the issue back down to one of the supporting organisations to review, often with an explanation as to what the problems are that need to be resolved before it can be approved.
The process is then rerun until all the different parts of ICANN can agree a compromise or the Board of Directors make a decision on a report it is presented with.

8. How it is held accountable
Externally
Can be taken to court
Internally
Bylaws
Independent Nominating Committee
Senior staff
Different dispute resolution procedures

9. Criticisms The initial way the board was elected
Strays into national and international public policy

10. Registrar Organizations that sell domains Accredited by ICANN
User chooses a registrar to register their domain name

11. Examples of Registrars
GoDaddy ($11.99)
NameCheap ($9.98)
1&1($4.99)
Name.com ($9.99)

12. Resellers Third party company
Offers domain registration services through a registrar
May not accredited

13. Domain Names Websites have numerical IP addresses Not human friendly
Domain names are easier to remember
Register a domain name to own it

14. How to register a domain
Think of a unique name
Find a domain name registrar(GoDaddy, Doster, etc.)
Pay for domain name

15. Who is involved? Registrant Registrars Reseller Registry Operators
ICANN

16. DNS Servers Domain Name System Servers
Database of domain names and IP addresses
Translates a domain name into an IP address
Looks at different servers until the correct address is found

17.
How it Works

18. Root Name Servers Looks at Top Level Domain
Returns a list of DNS for the requested TLD
DNS Process

19. Caching Contains entries that translate domains into IP addresses
DNS caches on client and ISP
Efficiently keep the internet synchronized
Cache poisoning
Flushing a DNS Cache

20. Web Hosting Makes a website accessible via the WWW
Lease server space to the client
Provide Internet connectivity typically in a data center

21. Hosting Options Free web hosting (Wordpress.com)
Dedicated hosting service
Colocation Web Hosting Service
Cloud hosting

22. Top Web Hosts Dreamhost Bluehost GoDaddy InMotion SiteGround iPage
HostGator

23. Choosing a web host Need to choose a web host based on your needs
You should consider:
The complexity of your website
Database support
Application Development Platforms

24. Conclusion All these things are vital to the internet
ICANN is important to keep things uniform
There is a fluid process for how a website is accessed
Questions?