1. What is Matter??
Properties of matter

2. What is an example of Matter
What is an example of Matter?? How do you know those are examples of matter???
Desk…Chair….Tree etc Examples of matter because they have mass

3. What is Matter??
Matter is Anything that has mass and occupies space (volume)
Composed of atoms
MASS:
The measured amount of material that makes up the object
VOLUME:
The 3D space taken up by the object
Mass= amt of stuff
Volume = 3D space taken up

5. The elephant has more MASS
If you pulled each animal with the same amount of force, the elephant would respond less to pulling, even if he didn’t pull back at all.
That’s because an elephant has more mass than a mouse.
Mass stays the same no matter what force is acting on the object. This makes mass different from weight, which depends on both the amount of mass and the amount of gravity. This means that even though our elephant weighs less on the moon, his mass stays the same.

6. Building Blocks of matter
ATOM: The smallest unit of an element. Atoms maintain the chemical identity of that element.
Atom = smallest part of element
help keep identity of the element

7. Building Blocks of matter
ELEMENT: a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler STABLE substances and is made of one type of ATOM
EXAMPLE:
The element carbon is made up of many carbon atoms
Element = pure substance
cant be broken down
mad of one type of atom

8. Building Blocks of matter
COMPOUND: is a molecule that contains at least two different types of elements.
A compound is a pure substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances.
Compound = 2 or more elelments
can be broken down

9. Classification of Matter
Pure Substance
The substance has the same composition throughout
Does not vary from sample to sample
Example: Elements and compounds
Mixture
Contains more than one substance
Varies in composition & properties from sample to sample

10. Classfication Flowchart
MATTER
yes no
Can it be physically separated?
MIXTURE
PURE SUBSTANCE
Is the composition uniform?
yes no
Can it be chemically decomposed? no
yes
Examples: Water…Raison bran…carbon…air
Heterogeneous Mixture
(mechanical)
Homogenous Mixture
(solutions)
Compound
Element

11. Types of Mixtures Heterogeneous mixtures Visibly different parts
Eg. Chocolate chip cookies; granite
Two or more phases (usually)
Homogeneous mixtures
Different parts not visible (uniform throughout)
One phase
Eg. Sea water, air
Hetero = raison bran….SPRITE…choc chip cookie
Homo = alcohol…air…salty water

12. Heterogeneous Mixtures
Have several different components that are visible to the eye
Eg: Raisin Bran
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13. Homogeneous Mixtures Also known as solutions
very small particles (0.2 – 2.0 nm)
particles don’t settle to the bottom of the container
Eg: rubbing alcohol, air,
brass alloy

14. Pure Substances Elements
A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances
Compound
Two or more elements combined through a chemical reaction
Compounds have different properties than elements they’re made of

15. Elements
Students write this on their own periodic tables

16. Metals Metals: Usually solid at room temp
Good conductors of heat and electricity
High luster (shiny)
Ductile – easily pulled into wires
Malleable – easily beaten into thin sheets
High melting point; high density
Usually don’t combine with each other
Readily combine with nonmetals

17. Non Metals
Nonmetals:
Solids (C, P, S, Se, I2); Liquid (Br2); Gases (all others)
Poor conductors of heat and electricity; no luster
Low melting point; low density
Will combine with each other (CO2)
Will combine with metals or metalloids
Some found uncombined in nature (noble gases)

18. Metalloids Metalloids Have properties of both metals and nonmetals
Some used for semiconductors in electronics
Eg: Silicon, Germanium

19. Properties and Changes in Matter
Characteristics that can help identify a substance
You need to determine more than one property to conclude what the substance actually is
Properties are either Extensive or Intensive
Activity: strips of paper with random occurances….students must categorize them into groups. Do this before you teach properties

20. Extensive properties Intensive Properties
Depend on the amount of matter that is present
Volume
Mass
Energy
Intensive Properties
Do not depend on the amount of matter present
Melting point
Boiling point
Density
Ability to conduct electricity
Ability to transfer heat
Extensive: energy because more mass = more energy
Intensive: Density….explain how sample of water has same amount of substance but can be compressed etc

21. Physical Properties
Physical Property – A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance
Describing the substance
Melting point
Boiling point
Physical Change - A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance
Grinding
Cutting
melting
Have students give more examples

22. Chemical Properties
Chemical Property- a characteristic that is observed while changing the original substance into a new substance.
Wood burning
When a substance decomposes in air
When a substance will rust

23. Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes
The reactants are the substances that react in a chemical change
The products are the substances that are formed by the chemical change
Carbon plus Oxygen yields (forms) Carbon Dioxide
C + O CO2

24. The states of Matter Exists in three states on earth
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Exists in fourth state in space
Plasma (An electrically neutral,
highly ionized gas state)

25. Solids Definite shape and volume
Particles tightly packed in a lattice pattern
Crystalline – salt, sugar, quartz
The particles are packed tightly in an uniform way by strong attractive forces
Show cornstarch + water as amorphous solid
Lowest energy

26. Liquids Definite volume
Not a definite shape (Takes shape of container)
Particles have more energy
Particles can move freely
Demo – water in two different containers

27. Gases Indefinite volume
No definite shape(particles bounce off container)
Particles have high energy level
Particles move independently of one another
Example of sulfur gas or perfume in one corner of room…will eventually fill entire room

29. Physical changes in the state of matter
Changes in state does not change what the substance is…therefore it is considered a physical change not a chemical change
Make sure students write down each change

30. Evidence of a Chemical Change
Do a mini lab with these experiments after this slide

31. Energy and Changes of Matter

32. Chemical Formulas Subscript indicates # of atoms present
H2O has 2 Hydrogen atoms and 1 Oxygen atom
H2SO4 has
NaOH has
C6H12O6 has
2 hydrogen atoms, 1 sulfur atom, 4 oxygen atoms
1 sodium atom, 1 oxygen atom, 1 hydrogen atom
6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and
6 oxygen atoms

33. Separating Mixtures Do NOT cause chemical changes
Heterogeneous Mixtures
Filtration
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34. Separating Mixtures
Homogeneous Mixtures
Distillation
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35. Separating Mixtures
Homogeneous Mixtures
Chromatography
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36. Separating Mixtures
Homogeneous Mixtures
Crystallization
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