1. BIOLOGY Unit 1 Notes: Enzyme Details & Cellular Reactions

2. (1) Enzymes Type of protein.
Have a very specific structure (like a key + lock) to fit with their substrate (the molecule they are binding to).
Used in cells to catalyze chemical reactions:
Make reactions go faster.
Lower the activation energy requirement, allowing the reaction to happen with less energy payment.

5. (2) Enzyme Denaturing
The substrate must bind exact at a special structure on the enzyme called the Active Site.
Denaturing 
Occurs when enzymes are exposed to extreme heat / chemicals.
Causes enzyme to unravel.
Why Is Denaturing a Problem?
Unravel = Change in structure
Change in structure = Messed up Active Site
Messed up Active Site = No Catalyzing the Reaction

8. (3) Cell Energy
Cells need to do a lot of work to maintain homeostasis.
Work requires energy!!
ATP = Adenosine Triphosphate
Energy storing molecule for cells!
Draw A Picture:

9. ATP = Adenosine + 3 Phosphates
ADP = Adenosine + 2 Phosphates

10. Add a Phosphate + Store Energy In Bonds
Remove a Phosphate + Release Energy From Bonds

11. (4) Cellular Reactions Cells use chemical reactions to:
Break molecules into smaller pieces.
Make larger molecules.
Store and Release Energy
2 Common Reactions
Hydrolysis
Deyhydration Synthesis

12. (5) Hydrolysis Hydro = Add Water Lysis = To Explode / Break Apart
What Happens?
Add water to a larger polymer.
Break it apart into smaller monomers.
Release energy.
Draw A Picture:

13. Polymer
Release Energy
Energy
Add Water
Monomers

15. (6) Dehydration Synthesis
Dehydrate = Remove Water Synthesis = To Put Together
What Happens?
Remove water from smaller monomers.
Put together (bond) smaller monomer units.
Store energy.
Draw A Picture:

16. Monomers
Store Energy
Remove Water
Energy
Polymer