1. The Road to Suffrage

2. "It is often asserted that, as woman has always been man's slave, subject, inferior, dependent, under all forms of government and religion, slavery must be her normal condition.” The History of Woman Suffrage published in by Stanton, Anthony and Gage.

3. Lucretia Mott Pre and Post-Civil War spokeswomen for both the abolition of slavery and women's rights. Her book, "Discourse on Women," published in 1850 discussed the educational, economic, and political restrictions on women in America.

4. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, driving force behind the 1848 Convention and for the next fifty years the architect and author of the movement's most important strategies and documents. (With her daughter Harriot, 1856)

5. Belva Lockwood, 1868, opened a law practice in Washington, her clients consisting of women, Native Americans, and the poor. She spent the next five years lobbying for a bill that would allow a woman to practice law before the Supreme Court.

6. Amelia Bloomer In 1849, Bloomer began publication of The Lily, a monthly temperance paper, which soon became a voice for women's interests, including the abandonment of restrictive clothing and knee-length undergarments that came to be known as Bloomers.

7. Lucy Stone
Julia Ward Howe

8. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony (Stanton is seated and Anthony is standing.)

9. Executive Committee, National Women Suffrage Association, 1869.

10. Carrie Chapman Catt

11. Officers, National American Woman Suffrage Association
Officers, National American Woman Suffrage Association. (Carrie Chapman Catt, front row, third from left.)

12. By 1913, there was another split in the Suffrage movement.

13. Alice Paul, who had been part of more radical tactics when she worked with suffragists of Great Britain, and other militants were expelled by the NAWSA.

16. Many large suffrage protests and marches organized by Paul in 1913 and 1915 helped bring the cause of woman suffrage back to the center of public debate.

18. 1912 Suffrage March, New York City

20. In 1913, Paul led a march of eight thousand participants on President Woodrow Wilson's inauguration day.

22. Woman suffrage parade down Pennsylvania Avenue March 3, 1913, Washington, D.C.

23. Florence F. Noyes as "Liberty" with other participants in front of the Treasury building.

24. Mary Church Terrell, organizer of African American women who joined the march.

25. The NAWSA also shifted tactics
The NAWSA also shifted tactics. In 1916 unified its chapters around the country began to push a suffrage Amendment to the Constitution.

27. The Suffrage Movement was opposed by a well-organized and well-funded anti-suffrage movement, commonly referred to as the “Antis” and comprised of both male and female membership.

29. The image of the domestic wise was a symbol of decent “womanliness
The image of the domestic wise was a symbol of decent “womanliness.” Suffrage would lead to neglect of the children and even to increased juvenile delinquency!

30. “Home” Literary Digest, 1915

31. Politics and Home Rule, Literary Digest, 1915

32. In 1915, Suffragette Alice Duer Miller composed a clever editorial, “Why We Don't Want Men to Vote…”

33. “Because man's place is in the army. ”
* “Because man's place is in the army.” * “Because no really manly man wants to settle any question otherwise than by fighting about it.” * “Because men will lose their charm if they step out of their natural sphere and interest themselves in other matters than arms, uniforms, and drums.”

34. “Because men are too emotional to vote
* “Because men are too emotional to vote. Their conduct at baseball games and political conventions prove this.”

35. Alice Duer Miller also penned. Are Women People
Alice Duer Miller also penned Are Women People? in 1915, in which she composed clever poems responding to speeches from notable anti-suffragists...

36. When the United States joined into the first World War, women took up jobs in factories to support the war.

38. Less than a year later, the U. S
Less than a year later, the U.S. House of Representatives passed (304 to 90 vote) a proposed amendment...

39. “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any States on account of sex.”

40. In June, 1919, the Senate also endorsed the amendment, voting 56 to 25, and sent the amendment to the states for ratification.

41. When thirty-five of the necessary thirty-six states had ratified the amendment, the battle came to Nashville, Tennessee Anti-suffrage and pro-suffrage forces from around the nation descended on the town.

42. One young Tennessee legislator, 24 year old Harry Burn, had voted with the anti-suffrage forces to that time. But his mother had urged him to support the amendment for suffrage. When he saw that his anti-suffrage vote would result in a 48 to 48 tie, he decided to vote as his mother had urged.

43. And so on August 26, 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution became law.

44. Women could vote in the fall national elections, including in the Presidential election.