1. DANIEL 11

2. GREECE
PERSIA
● First year of Darius the Mede
Angel arose to be an encouragement and protection for him (Darius)
● Three more kings will arise in Persia
● Fourth will be richer than all of them
● 11:2 - A 4th rich Persian King to “arouse the whole against the realm of Greece
Strong due to riches
○ Writer passes over 200 years of history (4 kings VS 9 historical kings)
○ Could be that these four Persian kings are the ones mentioned in the Bible:
Cyrus the Great; Darius; Xerxes (Esther) and Artaxerxes (Nehemiah)
○ Others believe the 3 to be Cambyses, Smerdis and Darius Hystaspis
The fourth is believed to be Xerxes I or Darius the great who attacked Greece
○ This chapter seems to only focus on events that effect the Jews
11:2 - A 4th rich Persian king to “arouse the whole against the realm of Greece”

3. GREECE
PERSIA
● 11:3 - A mighty king will rule with great authority and do as he pleases
Alexander the Great rules the world for a short period of time
11:3 - A mighty king will rule with great authority and do as he pleases

4. GREECE
● 11:4 - His kingdom will be broken up, divided into 4, not his own descendents
Alexander’s Empire was divided into 4 and ruled by his 4 generals
11:4 - His kingdom will be broken up, divided into 4, not his own descendents

5. ● Southern king will grow strong (Ptolemy I Soter I) will take control of Egypt
His (Alexander’s) prince takes over with great dominion (Seleucus I Nicator)
○ Southern king = Egypt (Ptolemaic) ; Northern king = Syria (Seleucid)
● 11:6 - Wedding Arrangement: Southern King’s daughter & northern king
Peaceful alliance is formed; Northern queen and southern king loose power
● Queen is given up (killed) along with her servants and the southern king
○ Takes place approx. 250 BC between Ptolemy II Philadelphus and Antiochus
II Theos. Selucid kingdom has absorbed Lysimachus’ kingdom (Asia Minor)
○ “One of the conditions of this alliance was, that Antiochus [II Theos] should divorce his former wife Laodice, and that the children of that former wife should be excluded from the succession to the throne. In this way Ptolemy [II Philadelphus] hoped that the kingdom of Syria might become ultimately attached to that of Egypt, if there should be children by the marriage of Berenice with Antiochus. Ptolemy, however, died two years after this marriage was consummated, and Antiochus restored again his former wife Laodice, and put away Berenice, but was himself murdered by Laodice, who feared the fickleness of her husband. The officers of the court of Syria then planned the death of Berenice and her children, but she fled with them to Daphne, and was there put to death, with her children. - Appian, c. lxv.” (Barnes 11:6)
11:6 - Wedding Arrangement: Southern King’s daughter and the northern king

6. ● 11:7 - Descendent of the queen will enter the northern king’s fortress
& deal with them - “shoot from her roots” (family member)
Descendent will display much strength
● Southern prince takes their gods, vessels of silver and gold to Egypt
Stops attacking for some years
○ “Her [Berenice] revenge was undertaken by Ptolemy Euergetes, her brother. As soon as he heard of the calamities that had come upon her, he hastened with a great force out of Egypt to defend and rescue her. But it was in vain. She and her son were cut off before he could arrive for her help, but, in connection with an army which had come from Asia Minor for the same purpose, he undertook to avenge her death. He made himself master not only of Syria and Cilicia, but passed over the Euphrates, and brought all under subjection to him as far as the river Tigris. Having done this, he marched back to Egypt, taking with him vast treasures. See Prideaux, “Con.” iii. 120, 121.” (Barnes 11:7)
○ “In fact, he [Ptolemy III Euergetes] overran Syria and Cilicia, and extended his ravages to the Euphrates and the Tigris. Polybius (Hist. l. 5) says that he entered into the fortified cities of Syria, and took them.” (Barnes 11:7)
○ “Jerome (in loc.) says that Ptolemy [III Euergetes] took with him, on his return, forty thousand talents of silver, a vast number of precious vessels of gold, and images to the number of two thousand four hundred, among which were many of the Egyptian idols, which Cambyses, on his conquering Egypt, had carried into Persia. These Ptolemy restored to the temple to which they belonged, and by this much endeared himself to his people. It was on account of the service which he thus rendered to his country that he was called Euergetes, that is, the Benefactor. - Prideaux, iii. 121.” (Barnes 11:8)
11:7 - Descendent of the queen will enter the northern king’s fortress & deal with them

7. ● 11:9 - Northern king will enter the realm of the king of the south and return

8. ● 11:10 - Northern king’s sons will take a great army and
break through to the fortress
● Southern king will be enraged and go out to fight
Northern great army will loose to the southern king
Southern king will lift up his heart and cause tens of thousands to fall (fails)
Northern king will raise bigger army ~203 b.c. (14 yrs later - Prideaux, iii. 19.)
After some years he will press on with much equipment
Many are unhappy with southern king; violent Jews try to fulfill vision (fail)
○ “He [Seleucus Callinicus] was killed, according to Justin (lib. xxvii. c. 3), by a fall from his horse. The war with Egypt was continued by his two sons, Seleucus Ceraunus and Antiochus the Great, until the death of the former, when it was prosecuted by Antiochus alone. See Prideaux, iii Seleueus Ceraunus succeeded his father - assuming the name of Ceraunus, or the Thunderer; but, dying soon, he left the crown to his brother, Antiochus [III] the Great, then only fifteen years of age, by whom the war with Egypt was successfully prosecuted.” (Barnes 11:10)
○ “Ptolemy [IV Philopator] marched into Syria with an army of seventy thousand foot, five thousand horse, and seventy-three elephants, and was met by Antiochus [III] with an army of sixty-two thousand foot, six thousand horse, and one hundred and two elephants. In a great battle, Antiochus was defeated, and returned to Antioch (Prideaux, Con. iii ); but the following year he again rallied his forces, and invaded Syria, took Gaza and the other strongholds, and subdued the whole country of Syria (including Palestine) to himself. - Prideaux, “Con.” iii. 176, 177.” (Barnes 11:10)
○“The reference is especially to Philip, king of Macedon, and to Agathocles, who excited a rebellion against him in Egypt. See Jerome on Dan. 11; Polybius, xv. 20; Lengerke, “in loc.;” and Prideaux, iii Antiochus and Philip of Macedon entered into an agreement to invade the dominions of Ptolemy Epiphanes, and to divide them between themselves. At the same time a treasonable plot was laid against the life of Ptolemy by Scopas the AEtolian (Polyb. xvii.), who had under his command the army of the Egyptians, and who designed to take advantage of the youth of the king, and seize upon the throne. This project was defeated by the vigilance of Aristomenes, the prime minister. - Prideaux, iii. 181.” (Barnes 11:10)
11:10 - Northern king’s sons will take a great army and break through to the fortress

9. 11:15 - Northern king will capture a well fortified city
● Northern king will set up a siege ramp
11:15 - Northern king will capture a well fortified city
● Southern forces will not stand; best troops will fail (no strength)
Northern king will do as he pleases (none can withstand him)
Stay for a time in the beautiful land (Palestine) with destruction in his hand
○ “This occurred after he [Antiochus III] had vanquished the army of the Egyptians at Paneas. He then took Sidon and Patara, and made himself master of the whole country. - Prideaux, iii This happened 198 b.c. Scopas, a general of Ptolemy [V Epiphanes], had been sent by him into Coelo-Syria and Palestine, with a view of subjecting those countries again to Egyptian rule. He was met by Antiochus at Paneas, near the sources of the Jordan, and defeated, and fled with ten thousand men to Sidon, where he fortified himself, but from where he was expelled by Antiochus.” (Barnes 11:15)
○ “Now it happened that, in the reign of Antiochus the Great, who ruled over all Asia, the Jews, as well as the inhabitants of Coelo-Syria, suffered greatly, and their land was sorely harassed, for while he was at war with Ptolemy Philopater, and with his son who was called “Epiphanes,” it fell out that these nations were equally sufferers, both when he was beaten, and when he beat the others; so that they were like to a ship in a storm, which is tossed by the waves on both sides; and just thus were they in their situation in the middle between Antiochus’ prosperity and its change to adversity.” Josephus “Ant.” b. xii. ch. iii. Section 3.
11:15 - Northern king will capture a well fortified city

10. ● 11:17 - Northern king will come with his whole kingdom and a peace proposal
Successful in putting the peace proposal into effect
Give the southern king the daughter of woman (heiress) to cause ruin
She will not take a stand with him or side with him (north)
○ Antiochus III the great, attempts marriage like earlier in v6. It does not work
Cleopatra I sides with her husband (south)
○ “Antiochus [III], therefore, negotiated a marriage between his daughter Cleopatra and Ptolemy Epiphanes, the son of Ptolemy Philopater, then thirteen years of age. The valuable consideration in the view of Ptolemy in this marriage was, that, as a dowry, Coelo-Syria, Samaria, Judea, and Phoenicia were given to her.” Josephus, “Ant.” b. xii. ch. 4, Section 1
11:17 - Northern king will come with the power of his whole kingdom and a peace proposal

11. ● 11:18 - Northern king will turn his attention to the coastlands - capture many
● Commander will put a stop it and repay him
● Plan to return home but will be destroyed
○ Antiochus III the great attacks the Grecian Isles but looses to Rome at the
battle of Thermopylae (191 BC) and Magnesia (190 BC). Lost all European
and Asia Minor land, a large payment was levied. Antiochus III died (187 BC)
○ “[Antiochus III] sent two of his sons with an army by land to Sardis, and he himself with a great fleet sailed at the same time into the AEgean Sea, and took many of the islands in that sea. The war which was waged between Antiochus and the Romans lasted for three years, and ended in the defeat of Antiochus, and in the subjugation of the Syrian kingdom to the Roman power, though, when it became a Roman province, it continued to be governed by its own kings.” (Barnes 11:18)
○ “He [Antiochus III] became possessed of Ephesus, AEtolia, the island of Euboea, where, in the year 191 b.c. he married Eubia, a young lady of great beauty, and gave himself up for a long time to festivity and amusements - and then entrenched himself strongly at the pass of Thermopyloe. Afterward, when driven from that stronghold, he sailed to the Thracian Chersonesus, and fortified Sestos, Abydos, and other places, and, in fact, during these military expeditions, obtained the mastery of no inconsiderable part of the maritime portions of Greece.” (Barnes 11:18)
○ “Antiochus [III] lost all presence of mind, and withdrew his garrisons from all the cities on the Hellespont, and, in his precipitate flight, left all his military stores behind him. He renewed his attempts to enter into negotiations for peace, but when he was required to relinquish all his possessions west of the Taurus, and defray the expenses of the war, he resolved to try his fortune once more in a battle by land. Antiochus brought into the field seventy thousand infantry, twelve thousand cavalry, and a great number of camels, elephants, and chariots armed with scythes. To these the Romans [Lucius Cornelius “Asiaticus” Scipio] could oppose but thirty thousand men, and yet they gained a decisive victory. The Romans lost only three hundred and twenty-five men; while, of the forces of
Antiochus, fifty thousand infantry, four thousand cavalry, and fifteen elephants were left dead on the field, fifteen hundred men were made prisoners, and the king himself with great difficulty made his escape to Sardis. He now humbly sued for peace, and it was granted on the terms with which he had formerly refused compliance - that he should surrender all his possessions west of the Taurus, and that he should defray the expenses of the war.” Jahn’s “Hebrew Commonwealth,” pp. 248, 249.
○ “He [Antiochus III] died in an attempt to plunder the temple of Elymais. In this he provoked the people to an insurrection, and was slain, together with the soldiers who were with him.” (Barnes 11:19)
11:18 - Northern king will turn his attention to the coastlands - Commander will repay him

12. ○ Short lived (few days) king will arise; Send an oppressor (taxes
○ Short lived (few days) king will arise; Send an oppressor (taxes?) through out
the land. Seleucus IV collected money from vassals to pay father’s war fee.
○ “He [Seleucus IV Philopator] was bound to pay the tribute which his father had agreed to pay to the Romans. This tribute amounted to a thousand talents annually, and consequently made it necessary for him to apply his energies to the raising of that sum…and, as this was continued from year to year, and as Seleucus was known for little else, it was not unnatural that the should be characterized as the “raiser of taxes.”” (Barnes 11:20)
○ Seleucus IV reigned only 11 years and was poisoned by his prime minister.
● 11:21 - A despicable person will arise and take the kingdom by intrigue
Not a king; will come during a time of peace
● Opposing forces will be shattered
● Covenant prince will also be shattered
An alliance is made (south), but will practice deception
Gain power with a small force of people
During a time of peace will distribute riches among them (gain loyalty)
Plot against strongholds for a limited time
○ “In the eleventh year of his [Seleucus IV Philopator] reign, he sent his only son Demetrius as hostage to Rome, and released his brother Antiochus [IV Epiphanes], who had resided twelve years in that city. As the heir to the crown was now out of the way, Heliodorus sought to raise himself to the royal dignity, and for this purpose he destroyed the king by poison. He attached a large party to his interests, and finally gained over those who were in favor of submitting to
the king of Egypt. Antiochus Epiphanes received notice of these transactions while he was at Athens on his return from Rome. He applied himself to Eumenes, king of Pergamos, whom, with his brother Attalus, he easily induced to espouse his cause, and they, with the help of a part of the Syrians, deprived Heliodorus of his usurped authority. Thus, in the year 175 b.c., Antiochus Epiphanes quietly ascended the throne, while the lawful heir, Demetrius, was absent at Rome.” (Barnes 11:20)
○ Covenant prince is thought to be the opposing Jewish High Priest Onias III
who was removed from office 175 BC and killed 171 BC. Or the Egyptian king
with whom Antiochus III had made the marriage covenant (v17).
○ “With a small body of troops he [Antiochus IV] made himself master of Memphis, and of all Egypt as far as Alexandria, almost without striking a blow.” Jahn (Heb. Commonwealth, p. 263)
11:21 - A despicable person will arise and take the kingdom by intrigue - Covenant prince is killed

13. ● 11:25 - Northern king attacks with a large army.
● Southern king sends a larger army but looses
Looses because those loyal to the southern king betray and destroy him.
Northern army will suffer huge casualties
○ War between Antiochus IV and Ptolomy IV Philometor ( BC)
○ “In the course of his reign he [Antiochus IV] four times invaded that country with various degrees of success. In the first, he took Pelusium, and having placed a garrison there, retired into winter-quarters to Tyre. In the second, above referred to, he took Memphis and laid siege to Alexandria. The third invasion here referred to was after he had taken Jerusalem, and was caused by the fact that, as Ptolemy Philometor for was in the hands of Antiochus, the Egyptians had raised Ptolemy Physcon (the Gross) to the throne. This prince assumed the name of Euergetes II. The pretended object of Antiochus in this invasion (168 b.c.) was to support the claims of Ptolemy Philometor against the usurpation of his brother, but his real purpose was to subject the whole country to his own power. He defeated the Alexandrians by sea near Pelusium, and then drew up his land forces before the city of Alexandria. Ptolemy Physcon sent an embassy to Rome to solicit the protection of the Senate, and at the same time entered into negotiations of peace with Antiochus. The proposals were rejected; but when Antiochus perceived that the conquest of Alexandria would be difficult, he retired to Memphis, and pretended to deliver up the kingdom to Ptolemy Philometor, and having left a strong garrison at Pelusium, he returned to Antioch.” (Barnes 11:25)
11:25 - Northern king attacks with a large army. Southern king sends a larger army but looses

14. ● 11:27 - North & south kings will speak lies to each other at the same table
Neither will succeed because God has decided when the end will be
● Northern king will return with great riches
Heart set against the holy covenant and take action (on the way home)
○ Holy covenant suggests both those who made the covenant (Jews and God)
○ “He [Antiochus IV] was driven from Alexandria, and out of all Egypt, by the threatenings of the Romans, commanding him to let that country alone. There were other reasons also which, combined with this, induced him to retire from that country. He was greatly enraged by the effect which a report of his death had produced in Judea. It was said that all the Jews rejoiced at that report, and rose in rebellion; and he therefore resolved to inflict revenge on them, and left Egypt, and went to Jerusalem, and subdued it either by storm or by stratagem.” Josephus (ut sup.)
○ “Antiochus [IV] plundered the city [Jerusalem], killed eighty thousand persons, men, women, and children, took forty thousand prisoners, and sold as many into slavery, 2 Macc. 5:5, 6, As if this were not enough, under the guidance of the high priest Menelaus, he went into the sanctuary, uttering blasphemous language, took away all the gold and silver vessels he could find there, the golden table, altar, and candlestick, and all the great vessels, and that he might leave nothing behind, searched the subterranean vaults, and in this manner collected eighteen hundred talents of gold. He then sacrificed swine on the altar, boiled a piece of the flesh, and sprinkled the whole temple with the broth” 2 Macc. 5:15-21; 1 Macc. 1:21-28; Diodorus Sic. xxxiv. 1; Jahn, “Hebrew Commonwealth,” p. 264.
11:27 - Northern & southern kings will speak lies to each other at the same table - Neither will succeed

15. ● 11:29 - Northern king returns to the south. Will not be successful
Ships of Kittim will dishearten him and he will return
○ Kittim was the ancient name for Cyprus or the western coastlands (Greece)
○ “The Egyptian government had called in the aid of the Romans, and Antiochus [IV], therefore, was threatened with a war with the Romans if he did not abandon his enterprise against Egypt. The reference in the passage before us is to the embassage which the Romans sent to Antiochus in Egypt, requiring him to desist from his enterprise against Egypt. “When he had arrived at Leusine, about four miles from Alexandria, he met Caius Popilins Laenas, Caius Decimius, and Caius Hostilius, ambassadors, whom the Roman Senate had sent to him at the earnest request of Ptolemy Physcon. They were instructed to assure Antiochus that he must leave the kingdom of Egypt and the island of Cyprus in peace, or expect a war with the Romans. When Antiochus said that he would lay the affair before his council, Popilius, the head of the legation, with his staff drew a circle about the king in the sand on which they stood, and exclaimed, ‘Before you leave that circle, you must give me an answer which I can report to the Senate.’ Antiochius was confounded, but on a little reflection, he said he would do whatever the Senate required.” - Jahn, “Heb. Commonwealth,” pp. 265, 266; Polyb. “Legat.” Sections 90, 92; Livy, xliv. 14, 29, 41-46; xlv. 10, 12. These ambassadors came by the way of Greece, and in Grecian vessels, and their coming might properly be described as “ships from Chittim.”” (Barnes 11:30)
○ “Polybius says that he [Antiochus] left Egypt in great anger, because he was compelled by the Romans to abandon his designs. In this condition he was, of course, in a state of mind to become irritated against any other people, and, if an occasion should be given, would seek to vent his wrath in some other direction. This habitual state of feeling toward Jerusalem and the Jews would make him
ready to seize upon the slightest pretext to wreak his vengeance on the holy land. What was the immediate occasion of his taking this opportunity to attack Jerusalem is not certainly known, but in his marching back through Palestine, he detached from his army twenty-two thousand men, under the command of Apollonius, and sent them to Jerusalem to destroy it. - Prideaux, iii. 239; Jahn, “Heb. Commononwealth,” p Apollonius arrived before Jerusalem 167 b.c., just two years after the city had been taken by Antiochus himself.” (Barnes 11:30)
11:29 - Northern king returns to the south. Ships of Kittim will dishearten him and he will return

16. ○ From this point on, many commentaries vary. Some say:
◘ The Narrative continues without a pause
◘ The northern King is a type of Antichrist & these events are still to happen
◘ The Romans
● 11:30 - Northern king - Enraged at the holy covenant, takes action
Show regard for those who deny the covenant
○ Take humiliation by Romans out on the Jews
● His forces will desecrate the temple; Do away with the regular sacrifice
Set up the abomination of desolation
○ No sacrifices & were forced to worship another god (believed to be Ba’al)
With smooth words he will incite those against Israel.
People who know their God will display strength and take action
Persecution by sword, flame, captivity and plunder
Reason: To refine, purge & make pure until the end time that God appointed
This chapter would prepare Jews for dreadful events to come and assure
them of ultimate triumph. A permanent record of things to come, just like
we have today, the hope of eternal life
○ King will do as he pleases - Just like Alexander and Antiochus III
Magnify himself above all gods
Speak out against the God of gods; Prosper until the appointed time
Show no regard for the gods of his fathers or any gods; Not desire woman
Honor the god of fortresses/forces (protection) with gold, silver & treasures
Give honor to those acknowledging him; Parcel out the land for a price
Called “Epimanes” (mad man), instead of “Epiphanes” (God manifest)
○ “Thus they [Antiochus IV] shed innocent blood on every side of the sanctuary and defiled it, insomuch that the inhabitants of Jerusalem fled because of them, wherefore the city was made a habitation of strangers, and became strange to those who were born in her, and her own children left her. Her sanctuary was laid waste like a wilderness, and her feasts were turned into mourning, her sabbaths into reproach, her honor into contempt. As had been her glory, so was her dishonor increased, and her excellency was turned into mourning. Moreover, king Antiochus wrote to his whole kingdom that all should be one people, and every one should leave his laws; so all the pagan agreed, according to the commandment of the king. Yea, many Israelites consented to his religion, and sacrificed unto idols, and profaned the Sabbath. For the king had sent letters by messengers unto Jerusalem and the cities of Judah, that they should follow the strange laws of the land, and forbid burnt-offerings, and sacrifices, and drink-offerings, in the temple; and that they should profane the sabbaths and festival days, and pollute the sanctuary and holy people; set up altars, and groves, and chapels of idols, and sacrifice swine’s flesh and unclean beasts; that they should also leave their children uncircumcised, and make their souls abominable with all manner of uncleanness and profanation, to the end they might forget the law, and change all the ordinances.” Maccabees 1:29, 37-49
○ “Now, the fifteenth day of the month Casleu, in the hundred and forty-fifth year, they set up the “abomination of desolation” upon the altar, and builded idol-altars throughout the cities of Judah on every side.” 1 Macc. 1:54
○ “At this time an old man, by the name of Athenaeus, was sent to Jerusalem to instruct the Jews in the Greek religion, and compel them to an observance of its rites. He dedicated the temple to Jupiter Olympius; and on the altar of Jehovah he placed a smaller altar, to be used in sacrificing to the pagan god.” - Jahn, “Heb. Commonwealth,” pp. 267, 268
○ “Matrathins, the father of Judas Maccabeus, who began the opposition to Antiochus [IV] (1 Macc. 2:1), having summoned to his standard as many as he could induce to follow him, retired for security to the mountains. He was pursued, and refusing to fight on the Sabbath, his enemies came upon him, and killed many of his followers, 1 Macc. 2: The author of the book of Maccabees (1 Macc. 2:38) says of this: “So they rose up against them in battle on the sabbath, and they slew them, with their wives and children, and their cattle, to the number of a thousand people.” (Barnes 11:33)
○ “He [Antiochus IV] assumed the right to determine what god should be worshipped in Jerusalem, abolishing the worship of Jehovah, and setting up that of Jupiter Olympius in the stead; and so throughout his whole dominion, by a proclamation, he forbade the worship of any god but his” (Barnes 11:35)
○ “In his wars Antiochus [IV] came into possession of the strong places, or the fortified towns of the nations which he attacked - Jerusalem, Sidon, Peluslum, Memphis - then among the strongest places in the world.” (Barnes 11:39)
○ Problem - In chapter 9 the “Abomination of desolation” was applied to the Roman desecration/destruction of the temple (Matt 24:15; Lk 21:20), where here in chapter 11 it seems to be applied to Antiochus IV - 1 Maccabees 1:54 (see above) and Josephus - “Antiquities of the Jews” b. xii. ch. vii.
“And this desolation came to pass according to the prophecy of Daniel, which was given four hundred and eight years before; for he declared that the Macedonians would dissolve that worship [for some time].” Josephus – “Antiquities of the Jews” b. xii. ch. vii.
◘ Either this event is what is being referenced in chapter 9 or that this event is a type and shadow of the real/larger desecration to come. Could it also be that Jesus (Matt 24) is drawing on an existing famous historical event (Hanukah)? The 12 disciples would understand Jesus’ reference (shadow) when He makes the application to a greater desolation/destruction of Jerusalem (real event). In the same passage (Matt 24), does not Jesus draw on the coming judgment and destruction of Jerusalem (shadow) and then “telescopes” us to the greatest judgment to come (real event)?
11:30 - Northern king - Enraged at the holy covenant, takes action - Abomination of desolation

17. 11:40 - “Time of the end”, Northern and southern king will attack him
● 11:40 - “Time of the end”, Northern and southern king will attack him (3 kings)
Or the northern and southern kings will fight (2 kings)
Northern king with chariots and many ships
○ End times - Ezk 7:23 proclaims the fall of Israel (587 BC) - Divine timeframe
Ezk 7:2-3 - “…thus says the Lord GOD to the land of Israel, ‘An end! The end is coming on the four corners of the land. ‘Now the end is upon you, and I will send My anger against you; I will judge you according to your ways and bring all your abominations upon you.”
End of the timeframe being discussed; “Winding down” of these events
This last phase would be the most disastrous period compared to the rest
11:40 - “Time of the end”, Northern and southern king will attack him

18. EDOM MOAB AMMON }
● 11:41 - Despicable king will overwhelm many countries & pass through them
Inescapable devastation caused by the enemy (illusion of flood waters)
Enter the beautiful land (many will fall)
Rescued - Edom, Moab and the choice sons of Ammon (focused on Jews)
Attack Egypt & gain hidden treasures; Conquer Libyans and Ethiopians
(to conquer Egypt is to conquer Libya and Ethiopia)
11:41 - Despicable king will overwhelm many countries & pass through them

19. ● 11:44 - Rumors from the east and north will trouble him
● He will destroy with great fury
○ “[Antiochus IV] was called forth in a warlike expedition by tidings or reports from Parthia and Armenia - regions lying to the east and the north, and it was in this expedition that he lost his life, and that this series of historical events was closed. Lengerke says, Antiochus assembled an army to take vengeance on the Jews, who, after the close of the unfortunate campaign in Egypt, rose up, under the Maccabees, against Antiochus, 1 Macc. 3:10, following. Then the intelligence that the Parthians in the east, and the Armenians in the north, had armed themselves for war against him, alarmed him…. In the year 147 b.c., Antiochus went on the expedition to Persia and Armenia, on the return from which he died.” (Barnes 11:44)
11:44 - Rumors from the east & north will trouble him. He will destroy with great fury

20. ● 11:45 - Place the tents of his palace between the seas and the holy mountain
Come to his end (die) and none shall help him.
○ Between the seas - Mediterranean and the Dead sea
Maybe - Caspian sea and Persian gulf since that is where Antiochus died
○ Beautiful holy mountain - Temple was built on Mt Moriah in Jerusalem
Ps 48:2 - “Beautiful in elevation, the joy of the whole earth, Is Mount Zion in
the far north, The city of the great king.”
Compare the “beautiful mountain” with the “beautiful land” of 11:16,41
○ The book of Daniel stands as a great historical source for this time period.
Problem: It was not written as a historical narrative (4 Persian kings VS nine)
○ v40-45 can not be confirmed by history to apply to Antiochus IV
◘ “Porphyry (see Jerome, in loc.) says that this was so, and that Antiochus [IV] actually invaded Egypt in the “eleventh year of his reign,” which was the year before he died; and he maintains, therefore, that all this had a literal application to Antiochus, and that being so literally true, it must have been written after the events had occurred. Unfortunately the fifteen books of Porphyry are lost, and we have only the fragments of his works preserved which are to be found in the Commentary of Jerome on the book of Daniel. The statement of Porphyry, referred to by Jerome, is contrary to the otherwise universal testimony of history about the last days of Antiochus, and there are such improbabilities in the statement as to leave the general impression that Porphyry in this respect falsified history in order to make it appear that this must have been written after the events referred to. If the statement of Porphyry were correct, there would be no difficulty in applying this to Antiochus.” (Barnes 11:40)
◘ Problem: Antiochus IV died in Syria not in Palestine (v45)
◘ v40-45 could stand as a conclusion summary of the vision. If the vision
lasts 350 years, the last 11 years (Antiochus) could be “time of the end”
11:45 - Place the tents of his palace between the seas and the holy mountain - Come to his end

21. QUESTIONS 1. In what way is God in control in this chapter?
By revealing the future through the messenger and having control over time
and events
2. Ships of Kittim attack the northern king. Read Num 24:24.
Balaam prophesies that Kittim will attack Asshur and Eber. Where are these
two locations? Heart of Mesopotamia (between the Tigress and Euphrates)
Does Daniel 11 contain the events of which God prophesied through Balaam?
3. The despicable king magnified himself above all gods and Jehovah (v36).
What idea did Satan tempt Eve with in the garden?
“You will be like God” Gen 3:5