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Jane Loevinger’s Theory of Ego Development
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Jane Loevinger Born in St. Paul, Minnesota
Master’s of science in psychometrics from the University of Minnesota Worked with Erik Erikson Developed her own theory
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Loevinger’s 9 Stages: Infancy
Presocial No ego Not Differentiated from the World Symbiotic Self-Nonself Differentiation Stability of Objects
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Loevinger’s 9 Stages: Impulsive
Curbed by Restraints, Rewards & Punishments Others are Seen as What They Can Give "Nice to Me" or "Mean to Me" Present-Centred Physical but not Psychological Causation
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Loevinger’s 9 Stages: Self-protective stage
Anticipates Rewards & Punishments First Self-Control "Don’t Get Caught" Externalize Blame Opportunistic Hedonism
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Loevinger’s 9 Stages: Conformist
Take in Rules of the Group No Self Apart from Others Other’s Disapproval is Sanction Not Only Fear of Punishment Rules and Norms not Distinguished Rejects Out-Group Stereotypes Roles Security = Belonging Behaviours Judged Externally not by Intentions
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Loevinger’s 9 Stages: Self-Aware
Self Distinct from Norms & Expectations First Inner Life Banal Feelings Always in Reference to Others Pseudo-Trait Conceptions Modal Stage of Adults
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Loevinger’s 9 Stages: Conscientious Stage
Self evaluation and self-criticism continues. Personally-evaluated principles are the basis of morality and behaviour follows certain self-evaluated standards. An increase in awareness of others’ exceptional feelings and motives result in an apprehension with mutuality and empathy in relationships.
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Loevinger’s 9 Stages: Individualistic Stage
During this stage relationships are valued more than achievements, due to the fact that relationships are the main focus. This is simply an elementary understanding of conflicting wishes, thoughts and feelings Though at this stage the individuals are aware, to a certain degree, of these conflicts they will not find a resolution for them.
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Loevinger’s 9 Stages: Autonomous Stage
There is increasing respect for your own and others’ autonomy Greater tolerance for: -Ambiguity Relationships (Appreciated as an interdependent system of mutual support) -Conflicts (Both inner conflicts and conflicts between people)
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Loevinger’s 9 Stages: Integrated Stage
Individuals experience a broad empathy towards themselves and others Within this stage the individual has a full sense of identity and simply trying to understand their own potentials n Loevinger’s research the highest stage is reached by less than 1% of adults in the United States.
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Relevance Develops the importance of understanding self in establishing relationships Accept differences and and distinguish variations in feelings and opinions that make us unique Helps us understand how our minds work
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