1. Immunity

2. WHAT IS THE MEASLES? DO YOU HAVE IMMUNITY?
Bellwork
Define the terms
Antibodies
Antigens
Immunity
WHAT IS THE MEASLES? DO YOU HAVE IMMUNITY?

3. Understanding our Vocabulary
Antibody: A protein found in the blood that is produced in response to foreign substances (e.g. bacteria or viruses) invading the body. Antibodies protect the body from disease by binding to these organisms and destroying them.
Antigen: An antigen is any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it. This means your immune system does not recognize the substance, and is trying to fight it off.

4. Immunity
able to resist a particular disease especially through preventing development of pathogenic microorganism or by counteracting the effects of its products. 
Protection from infectious disease
Natural (Innate), Active and passive
Further categorized as acquired naturally or passively
Immunity is defined as protection from infectious disease.

5. Why would it be important for me to be immune from a disease like the measles?

6. Standard
10.Correlate the function of normal flora with homeostasis and relate deviation to disease states. Evaluate specific measures to prevent deviation that are aligned with accepted standards of care.
11.Assess the differences between healthcare-associated infections and non-health care associated infections using examples drawn from mock patient documents or case studies. Support explanations with relevant surveillance statistics, preventive measures, and methodologies concerning outbreak detection, management, and education.

7. Objective
By end of class, students will understand the types of immunity and why we vaccinate.

8. Stages of Disease Incubation stage Prodromal stage Acute stage
Declining stage
Convalescent stage
There are several stages in the disease process. In some illnesses, there are not clear definitions between the stages.

10. Innate Immunity Innate (natural) Immunity:
Refers to nonspecific defense mechanisms that come into play immediately or within hours of an antigen's appearance in the body.
Mechanisms can be mechanical, chemical or cellular
These mechanisms include physical barriers such as skin, chemicals in the blood, and immune system cells that attack foreign cells in the body. 
Present in an individual at birth prior to exposure to a pathogen or antigen.

12. Active Natural Immunity
Develops when body is exposed to pathogenic microorganisms
Microorganisms contain antigens (cell markers)
White blood cells develop antibodies
Antibodies protect during second exposure
An example of active natural immunity is when a person is infected with varicella. Varicella is the virus that causes chicken pox. The person gets sick, recovers, and never “catches” chicken pox again. The person had the disease and will never get this disease again due to the antibodies the person has.

13. Active Artificial Immunity
Develops when antigen is purposely introduced into body
Vaccine
Live, weakened, dead microorganism
Stimulates antibody formation without causing disease
Active artificial immunity occurs when a person receives a vaccine to produce immunity. An example includes the tetanus vaccine. After you receive the tetanus injection, you are protected against tetanus. The vaccine stimulated antibodies that will protect you from becoming ill.

14. Passive Natural Immunity
Develops when antibodies from mother cross placenta to fetus
Provide protection to fetus for several months
Additional antibodies are found in breastmilk
Passive natural immunity occurs when a mother gives birth and the newborn does not get ill for a short period of time. Passive immunity is short term. Another example of passive natural immunity is when a mother breastfeeds her infant. The child receives the mother’s antibodies through breast milk and will not become ill.

15. Passive Artificial Immunity
Develops when preformed antibodies from animal or human are then injected into an individual with known exposure
Receiving manufactured antibodies via external delivery (e.g blood transfusions of monoclonal antibodies)
Antiserum provides temporary passive immunity
Helps in cases of exposure to rabies, botulism, venomous snake or spider bites, hepatitis, and diptheria
Passive artificial immunity occurs when preformed antibodies are developed in an animal or human and are then injected into an individual with a known exposure. A person with a known exposure to hepatitis can be injected with gamma globulins to produce a short-term immunity to hepatitis A. The injection boosts the person’s immunity.

17. Why vaccinate?
The bottom line is that vaccines save lives According to a recent study led by the CDC, routine childhood vaccinations administered between 1994 and 2013 “will save 732,000 lives, prevent 322 million cases of illness and prevent 21 million hospitalizations, as well as save $1.38 trillion.”

18. Vaccines
Vaccination is one of the best ways parents can protect infants, children and teens from potentially harmful diseases.
Vaccine-preventable diseases can be very serious, may require hospitalization, or even be deadly – especially in infants and young children.

19. Diseases for which vaccination is routinely recommended
Mumps
Pertussis/Whopping Cough
Pneumococcal disease
Polio
Rotavirus
Rubella
Tetanus
Varicella (chickenpox)
HPV
Diphtheria
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Herpes zoster (shingles)
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Influenza
Measles
Meningococcal disease

20. Vaccination 2017 Schedule
file:///C:/Users/richm/Desktop/School/Medical%20Therapuetics/standard%2 014/parent-version-schedule-7-18yrs.pdf

21. Myth
Most diseases are nonexistent in the United States, so there is no real need to getting vaccinated.

22. Many diseases ARE common in other parts of the world.
Travelers can bring diseases into the United States and disease can spread QUICKLY.

23. Myth
Natural infection is better than vaccination.

24. There can be a high a price to pay for natural immunity:
Chickenpox infection can lead to pneumonia
Polio infection can cause permanent paralysis
Mumps infection can lead to deafness
Hib infection an result in permanent brain damage

25. Activity
Find the 2017 vaccination schedule on CDC Web site. Write it down for your age group. Make sure you describe what the vaccine is used for (describing the symptoms of the pathogen) and any allergies or contraindications for giving the vaccine
Kortnie, Omega and Hallie: Newborn-4 months
Ramsey, Hannah C. and Emma: 6 months
McKenzie, Madison and Cyndal: 12 monhts
Mac, Lindsey and Bailey: 3-6 years
Preston, Hannah G and Kayla: childhood/teen

26. NOVA VACCINE VIDEO