1. The Immune System
Are you “immune” to any diseases? Make a list!

2. Hepatitis B1 HepB
Rotavirus2 RV RV RV2
Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis3 DTaP DTaP DTaP see
footnote3
Haemophilus influenzae type b4 Hib Hib Hib4
Pneumococcal5 PCV PCV PCV
Inactivated Poliovirus6 IPV IPV
Influenza7
Measles, Mumps, Rubella8 see footnote 8
Varicella9 see footnote 9
Hepatitis A10
Meningococcal11

3. What is Immunity?
A series of defenses that involve non-specific and specific attacks on disease causing agents (pathogen)
Pathogen – any disease causing microorganism / microbe (bacteria or virus) *Pathogens are Pathetic!!!!
Antigens – proteins on the surface of pathogens which trigger an immune response

6. How does one develop “immunity”?
By building up antibodies against certain diseases…HOW???
ACTIVE IMMUNITY!!!
A. Artificially Acquired/ Vaccinations: small
amount of a dead or weakened pathogen (usually the antigen) is administered into the bloodstream.

7. This antigen will stimulate the blood cells to create B-Cells & antibodies to prepare for future invasions by only that same microbe! Bcells

8. B. Naturally Acquired Immunity / Surviving the Disease IF you become infected with the actual disease (common cold, chicken pox, etc) your body will develop its own antibodies and memory cells to protect you the second time

9. 2) Passive Immunity – Antibodies are obtained from another source, not produced in the individual’s body!
A. conveyed to a fetus by its mother during pregnancy or breastfeeding
B. injected blood serum to provide temporary antibodies (Tetanus, botulism, Hepatitis, Ebola, rabies)

10. Specific Defenses
Involve various types of white blood cells that do different jobs…
Identifying foreign antigens
Producing antibodies
Engulfing and destroying foreign bodies using endocytosis
Directing /alerting other white blood cells to increase production

12. Engulfing bacterium

14. Antibodies
Proteins produced by WBC’s in response to the presence of a foreign antigen
SPECIFIC!!! – certain antibodies only recognize certain antigens!!
Once an antibody has been created for a certain antigen, these antibodies remain in the blood for a long period of time & it takes less time for the body to respond to the same foreign invader if exposed a second time
(ex. You usually only get the chicken pox once!)

16. VIDEO

17. Malfunctions and Disorders of the Immune System

19. 1. Allergic Reactions
A hypersensitive response to substances (allergens) that are not normally harmful
Pollen
Plant spores
Peanuts
Cat/dog hair or dander
Antibodies which are released which cause histamine to be produced (causes itching, swelling, rash)

20. 2. Rejection of Organ Transplant
Recipient’s body produces antibodies in response to antigens present in the donor’s tissues
Immunosuppressant drugs are usually given to prevent the recipient from rejecting the organ
Face Transplant

21. 3. HIV / AIDS
Caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (a Retrovirus) Reverse Transcriptase Video
Attacks CD4 T-Cells which direct the actions of the immune system
Prevents infected person from fighting other diseasesHIV/AIDS vaccine ?
Reproduces rapidly, undergoing many mutations! (hard to target with drugs)

26. Transport Exam Circulation
Blood (WBC, RBC, Platelets, Plasma – jobs of each, size)
Vessels (Veins, Capillaries & Arteries)
Heart (Structure and flow of blood)
Disorders of circulatory sys. (Similarities and differences)
Immunity
First line of defense (skin, mucus) vs. Specific defenses (jobs of WBCs)
Passive Versus Active Immunity
Vaccines (what they are made of, how they work)
Malfunctions of Immune System (HIV, etc)
Transport in Plant
Vascular tissue, roots, stems, xylem, phloem