1. The Russian Revolution
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2. Why would people want to rebel against their government?
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3. This is the short version….
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4. For many years before World War I, Russian citizens had suffered under the rule of Tsar Nicholas II.
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5. The ruling class held the country’s wealth, and the peasants barely had enough food to eat.
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6. Russia fought on the side of the Allies in World War I and suffered terrible losses.
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7. By 1917, Russians were tired of food shortages, shivering from coal shortages, and exhausted by war.
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8. Workers united against the Russian ruler, overthrew the monarchy, and killed Nicholas and his family.
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9. This is known as the Russian Revolution.
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10. 1. Russian citizens were happy and wealthy under Tsar Nicholas II.
2. Russia suffered terrible losses after WWI and the people were tired of being hungry, cold, and ravaged by war.
3. Russia fought on the side of the Central Powers during WWI.
4. The Russian monarchy was overthrown in the Russian Revolution.
5. The Bolshevik, or Communist Party, took over after the Russian Revolution.
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11. This is the looong version….
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12. What was the Russian Revolution?
The revolution in the Russian empire in 1917, in which the Russian monarchy (Czarist regime) was overthrown resulting in the formation of the world’s first communist government.
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13. Czar Nicholas II The Last Czar of Russia
Descendant of the Russian Romanovs. Absolute ruler with unlimited powers-Ruled alone and unquestioned.
Weak personality.
Ignored the needs of his people.
Czarina Alexandra, wife of Nicholas II was German.
Both were very unpopular.
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15. The People Majority of the Russians were peasants or factory workers.
Most peasants did not own the land they farmed.
Factory workers had to endure long hours, low pay, and horrible working conditions.
About 80% of Russians were poor. .
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16. Russia’s Serfs
Russia was divided into 2 groups -- the very rich and the extremely poor (serfs = peasants).
In exchange for working long hours for a landlord, a serf received a small log hut, a tiny piece of land, and a few animals.
Most of the serfs’ crops went to pay the landlord’s taxes.
Anyone who resisted the rules was beaten with a leather and wire whip. Many tried to escape, but few succeeded.
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17. Serfs
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18. The Economy Economy was based on agriculture.
Russia was not as industrialized as the rest of Europe.
Russia’s war with Japan had devastated Russia’s economy.
Food prices went up, but the wages remained the same.
Many people were starving.
The Economy
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19. Bloody Sunday The Path to the Revolution
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20. 1905 BLOODY SUNDAY –What happened?
Sunday, 22nd January, 1905
On a Sunday afternoon, a large group of over 200,000 unarmed workers, their families, and supporters along with Father Gapon, a Russian priest led a peaceful demonstration in St. Petersburg.
Demonstrators wanted to present a petition to the Czar regarding better working conditions, more wages, and freedom.
The unarmed demonstrators were shot by the Czar's troops.
Many innocent people were killed.
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22. The Czar was forced to create the Duma- the Russian Parliament.
Bloody Sunday sparked several protests and strikes by the Russian people.
The Czar was forced to create the Duma-
the Russian Parliament.
Nothing really changed, Nicholas kept power and
if members of the Duma disagreed with the Czar they were sent away…
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23. The Effects of WWI
Czar Nicholas ignored the signs that people were unhappy.
He was seen as a weak man & became increasingly remote as a ruler.
He did not see that changes were needed in the way that his country was run
Numerous Soviets thus began to appear on the scene…
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25. Fast forward to 1917…
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26. The February Revolution
On February 28, 1917, Czar Nicholas is forced to give up the throne.
A provisional (temporary) government takes over.
THE PROBLEM:
Provisional government supports the war.
Peasants are still without land.
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28. The October Revolution
Bolsheviks gain support from peasants with promise of land.
Led by Lenin with slogans such as “Peace, Land, Bread!”, the Bolsheviks take over the provisional government.
The Bolshevik Party will be later named The Russian Communist Party.
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29. Vladimir Lenin
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30.
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31. What does Lenin do when he comes to power?
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32. In 1918, Lenin officially pulls Russia out of WWI.
Note: Russia stopped fighting in1917
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33. In 1918 Bolsheviks order the deaths of Nicholas II and his family.
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34. RISE OF COMMUNISM
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35. Communism is the theory that all people should be equal and there should be no classes. Everyone should work for the good of the country and wealth would be equally shared amongst all citizens.
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36. By all areas of Russia came under communist control and is renamed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
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37. In 1926, a few years after the death of Lenin the country comes under the control of dictator Joseph Stalin.
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38. In the years to come, the USSR under Joseph Stalin emerges as the world’s leading superpower.
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39. A major cause of the Russian Revolution of 1917 was the
German defeat in WWI.
marriage of Czar Nicholas II to a German princess.
existence of sharp economic differences between social classes.
Russian victory in the Russo-Japanese War.

40. Read the statements in the box, and then answer the next question.
• Led the Russians in a second revolution (1917)
• Promised “Peace, Land, and Bread”
• Redistributed land to the peasants.
2) Which leader is being described by these statements?
Czar Nicholas II
Vladimir I. Lenin
Nikita Khrushchev 
Mikhail Gorbachev

41. Read the statements in the box and answer the next question.
“Czar Abdicates! Provisional Government Formed”
“Peasants Promised ‘Peace, Land, and Bread’”
3) Which event is the focus of these headlines?
Bloody Sunday
October Revolution
February Revolution
Both B and C.

42. 4) In the view of this cartoonist, Russia under Lenin’s rule was characterized by
a continuation of traditional life
the introduction of capitalism
support for a constitutional monarchy
rejection of the czarist system

43. 5) Which statement best describes the relationship between World War I and the Russian Revolution?
World War I created conditions within Russia that helped trigger a revolution
World War I postponed the Russian Revolution by restoring confidence in the Czar
the Russian Revolution inspired the Russian people to win World War I
World War I gave the Czar’s army the needed experience to suppress the Russian Revolution 

44. 6) Revolutionary supporters of Lenin were known as_____
A) the Bolsheviks B) the Duma C) the Cheka D) the Whites

45. 7) A march in1905 that led to the death of hundreds of Russians protesting poverty, poor working conditions, and starvation.
October Revolution
February Revolution
Bloody Monday
Bloody Sunday