1. India
Label Maharashtra and Bihar on your map – these are the two states of India that you are going to be investigating today.

2. Core and periphery
Periphery
Economic growth suffers as people migrate away to the core. Rural areas stuck in a cycle of poverty
Core
Where industries and ports have developed attracting investment and people to work there in a multiplier effect
What evidence would you expect to find to show that an area is in a core or periphery region?

3. What is top- down development?
These tend to be big schemes and decisions are made by the national government. Local people who often live near the scheme do not get involved in the process Examples:

4. Top Down Decision Making
Local People

5. What is bottom-up development?
Local people are fully involved in the process and decision making
Examples:

6. Bottom Up Decision Making
External Groups
e.g. World Bank, TNCs
Decision made here
National
Government
Local People

7. Top Down Approach Conditions often attached to the loans
Relies on external links and technology
Dams etc provide energy needed for the country to develop
Uses machinery etc rather than providing jobs for local people
Top Down Approach
Often environmentally effective as they use cheaper fuels e.g. HEP
Country gets into debt as it borrows money from the World Bank etc
As these areas grow the take away resources from peripheral areas

8. Bottom up Approach Involve the local people
Appropriate technology to the local skill level
Bottom up Approach
Low cost
Very limited impact of national poverty levels