1. The Sniper by Liam O’Flaherty page 262
2007 COS – 1
AHSGE – R.III.2; R.IV.2
2010 COS –
ARI – Vocabulary Development; Reading Comprehension

2. Literary Term
Irony – What we expect or intend to happen is the opposite of what does happen.

3. The Sniper Introducing the Story
“War: first, one hopes to win; then one expects the enemy to lose; then, one is satisfied that he too is suffering; in the end, one is surprised that everyone has lost.”
Karl Kraus, Austrian satirist, 1917

4. The Sniper Literary Focus: Theme and Conflict
In many stories, the theme, or central idea, is revealed by the way the conflict is resolved.
Who is the main character in conflict with?
Theme: central idea of the story; usually some truth or insight about life or human behavior
How does the character respond to the conflict?
How is the conflict resolved?
What does the main character learn from the conflict?

5. The Sniper Literary Focus: Theme and Conflict
“The Sniper” focuses on the life-and-death conflict between the sniper and an enemy soldier.
As you read, decide what idea about war the writer communicates through the sniper’s experiences.

6. The Sniper Reading Skills: Making Predictions
When you read a suspenseful story like “The Sniper,” you make predictions about what is going to happen. You can base your predictions on
clues the writer plants
your own experience of life
your understanding of how stories work

7. The Sniper Reading Skills: Making Predictions
As you read “The Sniper,” keep these questions in mind to help you make predictions:
Will the main character escape the enemy?
Will each new action help the main character or create new problems?
How will it all end?
Look for any clues the writer has given about the outcome of the story.

8. The Sniper Vocabulary Previewing the Vocabulary
beleaguered v. used as adj.: surrounded and under attack.
ascetic adj.: severe; also, self-disciplined.
fanatic n.: person whose extreme devotion to a cause is excessive or unreasonable.
ruse n.: trick.
silhouetted v. used as adj.: outlined.
remorse n.: deep guilt.

9. The Sniper Vocabulary Vocabulary Activity
Fill in the blanks with the correct Word Bank words.
beleaguered fanatic ruse silhouetted remorse
1. I tried to trick her, but she didn’t fall for my _____ .
2. The ___________ troops fought off the attack bravely.
3. My sister doesn’t just love opera; she is a __________ .
The convict did not apologize or show any __________ .
The horse was __________ against the bright sunset.
ruse__
beleaguered
fanatic
remorse
silhouetted

10. The Sniper Background
This story is set in Dublin, Ireland, in the 1920s, during a time of bitter civil war. On one side were the Republicans; they wanted all of Ireland to become a republic, totally free from British rule.
On the other side were the Free Staters; they had compromised with Britain and had agreed to allow the English to continue to rule six counties in the northern province of Ulster.

11. The Sniper Background
Like all civil wars, the Troubles in Ireland tore families apart. It pitted children against parents, sister against sister, brother against brother. As the story opens, the writer immediately puts you into the war—high on a Dublin rooftop.

12. The Sniper Quickwrite Make the Connection
What qualities enable people to perform well when facing heart-pounding fear or stress? Think about your own experiences or those of someone you know, as well as news stories or fiction you’ve read. Then, jot down your thoughts about people taking action when the stakes are high.

13. While Reading “The Sniper”
Why has the sniper not eaten since morning?
Why did the sniper shoot the old woman?
Explain how the sniper was able to shoot his enemy.
How did the sniper react to his enemy falling from the roof?
Why does the sniper go into the street?
What is the theme of this story?

14. Writing a Letter P. 267 Writing – Before and After Narratives Activity
Two important parts of this story are missing. One is the “before” narrative, telling why the two brothers ended up on opposite sides in the war. The other is the “after” narrative, describing what happens to the sniper after he discovers he has killed his brother. Write two paragraphs – one telling the “before” story and the other telling the “after” story. Each paragraph should be ½ page in length
Writing a Letter
Write a letter from the sniper to his mother explaining the death of his brother. Your letter should be in proper friendly letter form and should contain at least two paragraphs.