1. Taxonomy & Plankton
Marine Biology

2. Unit 3 Cover Page (page 57)
Unit title: Taxonomy and Plankton
Color must cover entire page (no white paper)
3+ colors
3+ pictures that make you think of taxonomy and plankton
Taxonomy is the branch of science that groups and names organisms.
Date: 4/6-7

3. Methods of Organization
Page 59
Taxonomy- science of grouping and naming organisms by their similarities, DNA, and evolutionary relationships
First done by Aristotle
wanted to classify ALL of life
Carolus Linnaeus- started the modern system of classification (the taxonomic categories)
Developed binomial nomenclature (means two names)
Uses Genius and species name (last 2 taxonomic categories)
To reduce confusion
Date: 4/6-7

4. Scientific Names Uses Genus and species Advantages
Uses Latin because it’s not changing
Reduces confusion of “common” names
Ex. – horsefly, catfish, sea cow
Genus is capitalized, species is not
Written in italics
Modern Humans = Homo sapiens
Advantages
Reduces confusion
Common language used by all
Same system world wide
Helps scientists communicate
Increases knowledge
Common traits within levels of classification
Evolutionary history

5. 8 Taxonomic Categories (Levels of Classification)
Domain- newer level of classification
Least specific
Greatest number of species
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Most Specific
Fewest species, just one!
DOMAIN Eukarya:

6. Phylogeny (Phylogenetic tree)
A diagram that shows lines of evolutionary decent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor.
Helps organize knowledge of biological diversity

7. Dichotomous Keys
Tool that allows you to determine the identity of items in the natural world.
Trees, flowers, fish, reptiles, mammals, etc.
Means divided into two parts
Consist of a series of choices (2 at each step) that lead the user to the correct identity of an organism.
Always start at step #1, choose the best option and then follow the directions to the next step (which may not be step #2)

8. Dichotomous Key Example
Start at step one for each snake then follow the directions to identify the name.

9. Taxonomy: Life’s Filing System (12 min.)
Link:

10. Work on:
Summary paragraph for your notes and the video clip watched on page 58.
Finish cover page on page 57
Title: Taxonomy and Plankton
Tape the Classifying Sharks using Dichotomous Keys handout to page 61 in your notebook.
When identifying the sharks and rays use the family name
When finished identifying the sharks and rays create your own dichotomous key for the five fish (handout #2). Tape this to page 60 as a flip-page (something will go underneath this paper later).

11. Dichotomous Key Practice
Tape the Classifying Sharks using Dichotomous Keys handout to page 61 in your notebook.
When finished identifying the sharks and rays create your own dichotomous key for the five fish (handout #2). Tape this to page 60 as a flip-page (something will go underneath this paper later).
I will come around and stamp off your completed cover page (page 57)
Date: 4/6-7

12. Biodiversity of the Philippines
Researchers investigate the diversity of cone snails and other mollusks.
Constructing phylogenetic trees (using DNA)
Using venom from the snails to develop medicine
Biodiversity activity after video: sorting snails and creating a possible phylogenetic tree.
Groups will share and discuss their constructed phylogenetic trees
Start at 12 (15 min.) end at 14 (19:32 min) right when he is about to talk about the phylogenetic tree.
Date: 4/10

13. I will stamp off pages 57-59 and 61
Constructing a Phylogenetic Tree Based on Morphology: Shell Sorting Activity
Sort the 20 shell cards into 3-10 groups based on morphology (similar features).
1-2 people at each table get a Chromebook and go to the interactive shell sorting activity link on my website to get a better look at each shell and learn a bit more about them: bit.ly/dickersonscience  Marine bio.  unit 3 subpage  shell sorting link
Actual shells are upfront on my desk
Based on the groups you created construct a possible phylogenetic tree on page 60 in your notebook under the make your own dichotomous key practice.
Be ready to discuss your tree with other groups.
Date: 4/10
I will stamp off pages and 61

14. Constructing a Phylogenetic Tree
Finish your create your own fish dichotomous key on page 60.
Get a stamp today when finished
Constructing a Phylogenetic Tree
Tape first page to page 63 in your notebook as a flip-page.
Cut out the organisms with their names and construct your phylogenetic tree on page 62 in your notebook.
Need to turn your paper sideways or get creative with a sideways fold-out to make your paper wider.
Label each branch of your tree with the differentiating characteristics
Do not tape/glue organisms down until you have “roughed out” your entire phylogenetic tree.
I will stamp off pages 57-61
Date: 4/11-12

15. Finish your phylogenetic tree
Tape first page to page 63 in your notebook as a flip-page.
Cut out the organisms with their names and construct your phylogenetic tree on page 62 in your notebook.
Need to turn your paper sideways or get creative with a sideways fold-out to make your paper wider.
Label each branch of your tree with the differentiating characteristics
Do not tape/glue organisms down until you have “roughed out” your entire phylogenetic tree.
I will stamp off pages and 61

16. Plankton
Page 65
4 slides
Plankton- organisms that float or are at the mercy of the current
Holoplankton- live as plankton their whole lives
copepods
Meroplankton- temporary plankton
Crab larvae
Date: 4/13-14

17. Types of plankton: Bacterioplankton Phytoplankton (plant-like)
Bacteria, cyanobacteria
Phytoplankton (plant-like)
Algae, diatoms, primary producers
Autotrophs
Zooplankton
Animal-like, heterotrophs
Floating Seaweed

18. Diatom algae populations tell a story about climate change in Greenland (3 min.)

19. Importance of Plankton
Trophic status
They are the primary producers and consumers of the sea
Bottom of the food chain
Produce 50% of the world’s oxygen!
Also absorb lots of CO2, which helps with climate change
Some can be toxic
Red Tide
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning
Commercial Products
Ice Cream, toothpaste (historically), alternative to gelatin, agar, gelling agent in dairy products
Carrageenan (kar-uh-gee-nun) - widely used in the food industry for their gelling, thickening, and stabilizing properties.

20. Adaptations High surface area : volume ratio Buoyancy Body Shape/Size
Flat shape to help with nutrient absorption
Buoyancy
Air bubbles
Oil droplets
Body Shape/Size
Flat shape, spines, or long appendages to slow sinking so they can stay in the bright, warm shallow/surface water

21. The Secret Life of Plankton (6 min.)
Link :

22. Dianoflagellets, which can produce Red Tides need the right amount of sunlight and nutrients to bloom.

24. Predicting Harmful Algal Blooms (2 min.)

25. Things to Work On:
Summary paragraph for your notes and the video clips on page 64.
Choose an assignment from pages 5-10 (one you have not done yet) and complete it in regards to the content covered in the notes and video clips on the bottom half of page 64
Read article titled Plankton: Doing More than Just Drifting Through (tape to page 67)
Tape questions to page 66 and answer the questions using complete sentences on page 66.
Date: 4/13-14
I will come around and stamp off your phylogenetic tree on page 62
Attach study guide to page 72

26. Review with Whiteboards
These are “temporary plankton.”
Meroplankton
These are plant-like plankton and are autotrophs.
Phytoplankton
Phytoplankton produce lots of this!
Oxygen (50%)
These plankton are animal-like and are heterotrophs.
Zooplankton
This type of plankton includes bacteria.
Bacterioplankton
These live as plankton their entire lives.
Holoplankton
Date: 4/18-19

27. Phytoplankton Lab Get a stamp for pages 66-67
Attach the lab (3 pages) to page 69 in your notebook.
Read through the handout.
Attach the sketch boxes to page 68.
After reading about each of the three phylum of phytoplankton get a prepared slide and view with microscope using the HIGH POWER objective lens.
Attach the questions ½ sheet and answer questions #1-15 on page 70 using complete sentences.
Get a stamp for pages 66-67
Date: 4/18-19

28. Plankton “Races” Attach handout to page 71 in your notebook.
Objective: to stay off the bottom of the tank the longest.
What adaptations do plankton have that allow them to stay in the upper water column? (Or be slow sinkers)
Rules:
Your plankton cannot float on the surface for more than 10 seconds (it will get baked by the sun’s harmful UV rays)
You are finished as soon as any part of your plankton touches the bottom
Everyone starts with roughly the same amount of clay
You can add what you want.
Test your plankton in the tank only 1 time. Once you test it make adjustments for the final “race.”
Date: 4/20-21

29. Plankton Races Discussion:
What adaptations did the winning plankton designs have?
High surface area to volume ratio ?
Flat shape ?
Long projections ?
Pockets that trapped air bubbles ?
Date: 4/20-21

30. Jeopardy or Kahoot Review
See other power point or online review quiz
Date: 4/20-21

31. Things to work on: Finish Phytoplankton Lab Questions #1-15
Plankton Races paragraph
Complete/review study guide
Finish up any incomplete work from pages
Notebooks turned in before test for a grade.

32. During the Test Turn in notebooks to the crate for a grade:
pages 57-72
Please no talking and no devices out
Turn test into basket when completed
Pick up graded notebook from crate
Next Unit Cover page: Animal Evolution on p.73
Date: 4/24