1. Transfer of data in ICT systems
Current and emerging technologies

2. Starter
In pairs: How is data transferred?

3. Local Area Network (LAN)
A group of computers or devices that share a common communication line or wireless link
Connected devices share the resources of a single processor or server within a small geographical area e.g. Within an office
The server has applications and data storage that are shared by multiple computer users

4. A simple LAN connection...
Cable connection

5. LAN Continued...
A LAN may serve as few as two or three users e.g. A home network
May serve thousands of users e.g. Multi- campus college or university
The main communication technologies associated with LANs are
Ethernet
Token Ring
FDDI

6. Activity
Draw a diagram of an LAN and label it with all the features. Conduct internet research to further develop your understanding and to add more labels.

7. Ethernet Uses coaxial cable or twisted pair wires
Most commonly called 10BASE-T
Provides transmission speeds of up to 10Mbps (Megabits per second)
Faster systems are 100BASE-T
These provide 100Mbps transfer speeds
Gigabit and 10Gigabit systems emerging.

8. Token Ring Computers connected in a ring or star topology
Use a bit or token passing scheme to prevent the collision of data between two computers that want to send messages at the same time
The IEEE Token Ring Technology transfers data at either 4 or 16Mbps

9. Fibre Distributed Data Interface
FDDI transfers data on fibre optic lines in a LAN
Can extend to a range of 124 miles
Is large geographically and can support thousands of users
Often used for wide area networks (WAN).

10. Activity 2
Write a paragraph each for ethernet, token ring and Fibre, to explain what they are, their main uses and their main features.

11. Wide Area Network (WAN)
WANs cover a large geographical area
Organisations can have their own private WAN
They allow access to customers or suppliers
The Internet is an example of a WAN

12. A simple WAN connection…
Telephone line connection
Workstation in London
Workstation in Birmingham

13. Activity 3
Draw a diagram of an WAN and label it with all the features. Conduct internet research to further develop your understanding and to add more labels.

14. Internet
In the 1980s it became widely possible to use telephone lines to connect to the Internet
Speeds started at 56Kbps
Speeds increased to 128Kbps in 1990s due to Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

15. Internet Continued…
Computers fitted with 10BASE-T Ethernet cards offer speeds of up to 1.5Mbps
Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) and further versions (ADSL, HDSL and RADSL) offer speeds of up to 6.1Mbps
Speed will depend on the traffic on the system.

16. Broadband Where bandwidth of transmission is wider
Allows more data to be passed at a time
Multiple pieces of data can be sent simultaneously
Required for new types of data transfer e.g video streaming

17. Wireless Networking Any network that does not use wires
Use electromagnetic waves
A wireless LAN uses radio waves for data transmission
Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) enables mobile phones to send and receive data and connect to other networks e.g. Internet
This is referred to as Wi-Fi

18. Voice-over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
Emerged more recently
Routes voice transmissions over the Internet or other IP-enabled network
Organisations who use VoIP no longer have a separate telephone bill
They use the existing network connection that they already use for traditional data transfer.

19. Activity 4
How are the following used to transfer data, explain in detail: -The internet -Wireless Networking -VoIP