1. Project 1 Guide System Analysis & Design
Seminar Second Semester
1435/1436 – 2014/2015
Presented by:
Dr. Souad Larabi Marie-Sainre GP1 head committee
L. Mashael Daouis Clinic member
L. Hend Albassam Clinic member
L. Abeer Adrees Clinic member
L. Malak Bagais Clinic member
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2. Plan Introduction System Analysis & Design Object Oriented analysis
Structured Analysis
Database
Web Development
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3. Introduction After Literature Review and Background phases
System analysis & design phase
User & System requirements
Structured Approach
Object Oriented Approach
Design approach
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4. System analysis & Design
User Requirements and System Specifications
Analysis
Design
Conclusion
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5. System analysis & Design
User Requirements Definition:
The UR stage is considered as the ‘concept' or ‘problem definition‘ stage;
UR frequently derive directly from a spontaneous idea or thought
UR should be gathered based on the user needs;
UR should be clarified through criticism and experience of existing software and prototypes;
UR should be approved through interviews and surveys;
UR should be realistic (clear, verifiable, complete, accurate, feasible).
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6. System analysis & Design
System Requirement Specification
A detailed statement of the results that a system is requested to reach. A good specification gives a complete statement of what the system is to do,
A system requirements specification is normally produced in response to a user requirements.
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7. System analysis & Design
Object Oriented Analysis (still growing):
Population of interacting objects of a system
Structured Analysis (still in use today):
The traditional data or functional views
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8. System analysis & Design
Structured Approach
1- Use Case diagram
2- Context level DFD
3- Level-0 DFD
4- Subsequent levels DFDs (max 3 levels)
5- ER Diagram (if needed)
6- DB Shema & Dictionary (Data Design) if needed
7- Architectural Design
8- Structured English/ Decsion Tables/ Decision trees/ Flowcharts (for major processes only) – (Component Design)
9- Interface design
Object Oriented Approach
1- Use Case diagram
2- Use Cases Descriptions
3- Conceptual Diagram
4-Sequence Diagram
5- Class Diagram
6- ER Diagram (if needed) -
7- DB Shema & Dictionary (Data Design) if needed
7- Architectural Design
8- Pseudo code/ Algorithms/ Flowcharts (component Design)
9- Interface design
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9. Object Oriented Analysis
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10. Use Case Diagram
It describes the main system functions from the standpoint of an external observer.
Used during requirements elicitation to represent external behavior.
It emphasize on what the system does rather than how it.
It is created during the early stages of a project – during the analysis phase rather than during the design phase.
It provides a high-level view of what the system does and who uses it.
It provides the basis for determining the user interfaces (UIs) to the system
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11. Example Use cases diagram
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12. Example
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13. Example
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14. Conceptual (Domain) Model
A domain model illustrates meaningful concepts in a problem domain.
It’s a representation of real-world things, not software components.
It’s a set of static structure diagrams; no operations are defined.
It may show:
Concepts
Attributes of concepts.
Associations between concepts
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15. Domain Model
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16. Sequence diagrams: An Interaction Model
Sequence diagrams are part of the UML and are used to model the interactions between the actors and the objects within a system.
The objects and actors involved are listed along the top of the diagram, with a dotted line drawn vertically from these.
Interactions between objects are indicated by annotated arrows.
Detail how operations are carried out
Dynamic Diagrams
Organized according to time
The time progresses as you go down the page
The objects involved in the operation are listed from left to right according to when they take part in the message sequence.
Create a sequence diagram for each scenario
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17. Sequence Diagrams :Register :ProductCatalogue Sale :ProductSpec
addLineItem(itemID, quantity)
1. Spec=getSpecification(itemID)
1.1 Spec=Find(itemID)
2. makeLineItem(spec,quantity)
2.1 sli= Create(spec,quantity)
:SalesLineItem
2.2 Add(sli)
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18. Class Diagram
A class diagram shows the existence of classes and their relationships in the logical view of a system.
UML modeling elements in class diagrams:
Classes and their structure and behavior.
Association, aggregation, dependency, and inheritance relationships.
Multiplicity and navigation indicators.
Role names.
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19. Class Diagram
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20. Structured Analysis
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21. System Analysis Basic principle: problem partition
Partition with regard to what
Object Object Oriented analysis
Function - Structural analysis
Data Flow Modeling (DFD)
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22. Data Flow Modeling
Widely used; focuses on functions performed in the system
Uses data flow diagrams (DFDs) and functional decomposition in modeling
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23. Steps in Building DFDs Build the context diagram
Create DFD fragments for each scenario
Organize DFD fragments into level 0
Decompose level 0 DFDs as needed
Validate DFDs with user
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24. Subsequent DFD levels
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25. Context Diagram Shows the overall business process as just one process
Shows all the outside entities that receive information from or contribute information to the system
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26. Level 0 Diagram
Shows all the processes that comprise the overall system
Shows how information moves from and to each process
Adds data stores
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27. Level 0 Diagram
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28. Level 1 Diagrams
Shows all the processes that comprise a single process on the level 0 diagram
Shows how information moves from and to each of these processes
Level 1 diagrams may not be needed for all level 0 processes
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29. Level 2 Diagrams
Shows all processes that comprise a single process on the level 1 diagram
Level 2 diagrams may not be needed for all level 1 processes
Correctly numbering each process helps the user understand where the process fits into the overall system
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30. Composite & Elementary Flows
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31. DFD – Common Errors
Black Hole
Gray Hole
Miracle
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32. Illegal Data Flows
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33. DFD drawing – common errors
Unlabeled data flows
Missing data flows
Extraneous data flows
Consistency not maintained during refinement
Missing processes
Too detailed or too abstract
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34. Logic Modeling
Data flow diagrams do not show the logic inside the processes.
Logic modeling involves representing internal structure and functionality of processes:
Structured English
Decision Tables
Decision Trees
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35. Logic Modeling
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36. Logic Modeling
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37. Logic Modeling
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38. Database
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40. Weak Entity
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41. DB Schema
How to derive a set of relations from a conceptual data model.
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42. Student (Student_ID, Name, DOB) Student_Phone ( Student_ID, Phone)
Enroll (Student_ID, Code, Grade)
Course (Code, Name, Instructor_ID)
Instructor (Instructor_ID, Name, city, street)
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43. Section (Section#, Code, Enrollment_limit)
Course (Code, Name)
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44. DB Dictionary
Entity dictionary
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45. General term describing all enrolled students.
Entity Name
Description
Aliases
Occurrence
Student
General term describing all enrolled students.
Students can enroll in several courses.
Course
A general term describing all courses offered by the university.
Each course is taught by one teacher.
Instructor
The person who teaches courses at the university.
Teacher
The instructor can teach many courses.
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46. DB Dictionary
Relationships dictionary
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47. Entity Name Multiplicity Relationship Student 0..* Enroll Course
Teaches
Instructor
1..1
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48. DB Dictionary
Attributes dictionary
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49. Uniquely identifies instructor. varchar 5 no Y
Entity name
Attribute
Description
Data Type
Length
Nulls
Multi-valued
Default Value
Range PK CK
Instructor
Instructor_ID
Uniquely identifies instructor.
varchar 5 no Y
Name
Name of instructor 30
Address
City
The city where the instructor lives. 10
Street
The street where the instructor lives. 20
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50. Web Development
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51. How to Choose a Programming Language
Figure out what works for the team.
Find out what works in context.
Consider ease of learning.
Evaluate the availability of tools for the potential computer programming languages.
Look at cross-platform ability.
Determine the ease of server-side and client-side scripting.
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52. Popular Web Programming Language
Server-side:
PHP with MySQL
ASP.NET with SQL Server Express
Python with MySQL
Java Servlets with JDBC (support different DBs)
Java Hosting Servers are different from Regular web Hosting.
You should check that the hosting server support Java
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53. Responsive Web Design
Responsive web design (RWD) is an approach to web design aimed at crafting sites to provide an optimal viewing experience.
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54. Responsive Web Design How to achieve? Use responsive templates
Use framework (e.g. Bootstrap and Foundation)
Built it:
Media queries
Fluid Grids
Fluid Media
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56. References
Guide to the User Requirements Definition phase, ESA PSS Issue 1 Revision 1 March 1995
Modern Systems Analysis and Design by Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Joey George, Joe A. Valacich
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