1. Fundamentals of Information Systems Fourth Edition
Chapter 4
Telecommunications, the Internet, Intranets, and Extranets

2. Principles and Learning Objectives
The effective use of communications technology is essential to organizational success by enabling more people to send and receive all forms of information over greater distances at faster and faster rates
Define the term telecommunications and describe the components of a telecommunications system including media and hardware devices
Identify several network types and the uses and limitations of each
Define the term communications protocol and identify several common ones
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

3. Principles and Learning Objectives (continued)
The Internet and the Web provide a wide range of services, some of which are effective and practical for use today, others that are still evolving, and still others that will fade away from lack of use
Briefly describe how the Internet works, including alternatives for connecting to it and the role of Internet service providers
Describe how the World Wide Web works and the use of Web browsers, search engines, and other Web tools
Identify programming languages and tools used to create Web content
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

4. Principles and Learning Objectives (continued)
Because the Internet and the World Wide Web are becoming more universally used and accepted for business use, management, service and speed, privacy, and security issues must continually be addressed and resolved
Identify and briefly describe several applications associated with the Internet and the Web
Define the terms intranet and extranet and discuss how organizations are using them
Identify several issues associated with the use of networks
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

5. Why Learn About Telecommunications, the Internet, Intranets and Extranets?
Need to access data wherever it resides
Fast, reliable communications
Exchange messages
Upload/download data and software
Route business transactions
Connect to remote databases
Send output to printers
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

6. Why Learn About Telecommunications and Networks?
Need to access data wherever it resides
Fast, reliable communications
Exchange messages
Upload/download data and software
Route business transactions
Connect to remote databases
Send output to printers
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

7. An Overview of Telecommunications
Telecommunications: the electronic transmission of signals for communications
Telecommunications medium: anything that carries an electronic signal and interfaces between a sending device and a receiving device
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

8. An Overview of Telecommunications (continued)
Figure 4.1: Elements of a Telecommunications System
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

9. Channel Bandwidth
Telecommunications professionals consider the capacity of the communications path or channel when they recommend transmission media for a business
Channel bandwidth: the rate at which data is exchanged over a communication channel
Usually measured in bits per second (bps)
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

10. Table 4.1: Guided Transmission Media Types
Communications Media
Table 4.1: Guided Transmission Media Types
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

11. Communications Media (continued)
Table 4.2: Wireless Technologies
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12. Telecommunications Hardware
Table 4.3: Common Telecommunications Devices
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

13. Services
Digital subscriber line (DSL): telecommunications service that delivers high-speed Internet access to homes and small businesses over the existing phone lines of the local telephone network
All major long distance carriers offer wireless telecommunications services that enable you to place phone calls or access the Internet
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

14. Networks and Distributed Processing
Computer network: the communications media, devices, and software needed to connect two or more computer systems and/or devices
Network nodes: the computers and devices on the networks
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

15. Network Types Personal area network (PAN) Local area network (LAN)
Metropolitan area network (MAN)
Wide area network (WAN)
International networks
Mesh networking
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

16. Network Types (continued)
Figure 4.4: A Typical LAN
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

17. Network Types (continued)
Figure 4.5: A Wide Area Network
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

18. Distributed Processing
Centralized processing: all processing occurs in a single location or facility
Decentralized processing: processing devices are placed at various remote locations
Distributed processing: computers are placed at remote locations but connected to each other via a network
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

19. Client/Server Systems
Client/Server system: multiple computer platforms are dedicated to special functions, such as database management, printing, communications, and program execution
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

20. Client/Server Systems (continued)
Figure 4.8: Client/Server Connection
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

21. Communications Software and Protocols
Communications protocol: a set of rules that govern the exchange of information over a communications channel
Protocols govern several levels of a telecommunications network, such as:
Hardware device level
Application program level
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

22. Communications Software and Protocols (continued)
Table 4.4: Common Telecommunications Protocols
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

23. Wireless Communications Protocols
Wireless communications protocols are still evolving as the industry matures
The Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) has been instrumental in defining numerous telecommunications standards
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

24. Wireless Communications Protocols (continued)
Table 4.5: Wireless Networks Based on IEEE 802.xx Standards
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

25. Communications Software
Network operating system (NOS): systems software that controls the computer systems and devices on a network and allows them to communicate with each other
Network-management software: software that a manager uses on a networked desktop
Monitors the use of individual computers and shared hardware (such as printers)
Scans for viruses
Ensures compliance with software licenses
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

26. Use and Functioning of the Internet
Internet: a collection of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information
ARPANET
The ancestor of the Internet
A project started by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) in 1969
Internet Protocol (IP): communication standard that enables traffic to be routed from one network to another as needed
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

27. How the Internet Works
The Internet transmits data from one computer (called a host) to another
If the receiving computer is on a network to which the first computer is directly connected, it can send the message directly
If the receiving computer is not on a network to which the sending computer is connected, the sending computer relays the message to another computer that can forward it
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

28. How the Internet Works (continued)
Data is passed in chunks called packets
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): widely used transport-layer protocol that is used in combination with IP by most Internet applications
Uniform Resource Locator (URL): an assigned address on the Internet for each computer
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

29. How the Internet Works (continued)
Accessing the Internet
Connect via LAN server
Connect via Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)/Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
Connect via an online service
Several other ways to connect
Example: WAP
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

30. How the Internet Works (continued)
Figure 4.11: Routing Messages over the Internet
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

31. How the Internet Works (continued)
Figure 4.12: Several Ways to Access the Internet
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

32. Internet Service Providers
Internet service provider (ISP): any company that provides individuals or organizations with access to the Internet
Most charge a monthly fee
Many ISPs and online services offer broadband Internet access through digital subscriber lines (DSLs), cable, or satellite transmission
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

33. Internet Service Providers (continued)
Table 4.7: A Representative List of Internet Service Providers
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

34. The World Wide Web The Web, WWW, or W3
A menu-based system that uses the client/server model
Organizes Internet resources throughout the world into a series of menu pages, or screens, that appear on your computer
Hypermedia: tools that connect the data on Web pages, allowing users to access topics in whatever order they want
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

35. The World Wide Web (continued)
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): the standard page description language for Web pages
HTML tags: codes that let the Web browser know how to format text - as a heading, as a list, or as body text - and whether images, sound, and other elements should be inserted
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

36. The World Wide Web (continued)
Figure 4.13: Sample Hypertext Markup Language
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

37. Web Browsers
Web browser: software that creates a unique, hypermedia-based menu on a computer screen, providing a graphical interface to the Web
The menu consists of graphics, titles, and text with hypertext links
Popular Web browsers: Microsoft Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Computer’s Safari
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

38. Search Engines and Web Research
Search engine: Web search tool
Examples: Yahoo.com, Google.com
Most search engines are free
Searches can use words, such as AND and OR to refine the search
Meta-search engine: submits keywords to several individual search engines and returns results from all these search engines
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

39. Search Engines and Web Research (continued)
Table Popular Search Engines
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

40. Web Programming Languages
Java
An object-oriented programming language from Sun Microsystems based on C++
Allows small programs (applets) to be embedded within an HTML document
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

41. Developing Web Content
Products that greatly simplify the creation of a Web page
Example: .NET platform
Other Web publishing packages include Bubbler, Homestead QuickSites, and JobSpot
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

42. Web Services
Standards and tools that streamline and simplify communication among Web sites for business and personal purposes
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

43. Internet and Web Applications: E-Mail, Instant Messaging, and Push Technology
is no longer limited to simple text messages
Sound and images can be embedded in messages
Files that contain text documents, spreadsheets, graphs, or executable programs can be attached
Instant messaging: allows two or more individuals to communicate online using the Internet
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

44. Internet Cell Phones and Handheld Computers
Some cell phones can be connected to the Internet to:
Search for information
Buy products
Chat with business associates and friends
Handheld computers and other devices can be connected to the Internet using phone lines or wireless connections, such as Wi-Fi
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

45. Career Information and Job Searching
Internet is an excellent source of job-related information
Most medium and large companies have Internet sites that list open positions, salaries, benefits, and people to contact for further information
Some sites can help you develop a good résumé and an effective cover letter, apply for jobs online, prepare for a job interview, and negotiate a good employment contract
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

46. Web Log (Blog), Video Log (Vlog), and Podcasting
Web log (blog): Web site that people can create and use to write about their observations, experiences, and feelings on a wide range of topics
Video log (vlog): video content placed on the Internet using the same overall approach as a blog
Podcast: audio blog, like a personal radio station on the Internet
Extends blogging by adding audio messages
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

47. Chat Rooms
Chat room: facility that enables two or more people to engage in interactive “conversations” over the Internet
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

48. Internet Phone and Videoconferencing Services
Internet phone service enables you to communicate with others around the world
Relatively inexpensive
Useful for international calls
Ability to keep your phone number when you move to another location
Internet videoconferencing
Supports both voice and visual communications
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

49. Content Streaming
Content streaming: a method for transferring multimedia files over the Internet so that the data stream of voice and pictures plays more or less continuously without a break, or with very few breaks
Enables users to browse large files in real time
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

50. Shopping on the Web
Shopping on the Web for books, clothes, cars, medications, and even medical advice can be convenient, easy, and cost effective
Bot: software tool that searches the Web for information, products, or prices
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

51. Web Auctions
Web auction: Internet site that matches buyers and sellers
eBay is one of the most popular auction sites
Traditional companies are starting their own auction sites
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

52. Music, Radio, Video, and TV on the Internet
Music, radio, and video are hot growth areas on the Internet
Audio and video programs can be played on the Internet, or files can be downloaded for later use
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

53. Office on the Web
Many services and software products give you remote access to your files and programs over the Internet
Examples: Avvenu, EasyReach, BeInSync
Companies that offer remote access include MyWebEx PC Pro, Citrix Online, and Laplink
Works best with broadband Internet access
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

54. Other Internet Services and Applications
Internet services are constantly emerging
Libraries
Critical information during times of disaster or terrorism
Critical medical information
Translation
Distance learning
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

55. Intranets and Extranets
Internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web standards and products
Used by employees to gain access to corporate information
Reduces need for paper
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

56. Intranets and Extranets (continued)
A network based on Web technologies that links selected resources of a company’s intranet with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners
Virtual private network (VPN): secure connection between two points across the Internet
Tunneling: process by which VPNs transfer information by encapsulating traffic in IP packets over the Internet
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

57. Net Issues Management issues Service and speed issues
No centralized governing body controls the Internet
Service and speed issues
Web server computers can be overwhelmed by the amount of “hits” (requests for pages)
Privacy, fraud, security, and unauthorized Internet sites
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

58. Summary
Telecommunications: electronic transmission of signals for communications
Computer network: communications media, devices, and software needed to connect two or more computer systems or devices
Network types: personal area network (PAN), local area network (LAN), metropolitan area network (MAN), wide area network (WAN), and international networks
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

59. Summary (continued)
Internet: collection of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information
Internet Protocol (IP): communication standard that enables traffic to be routed from one network to another as needed
Uniform Resource Locator (URL): an assigned address on the Internet for each computer
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition

60. Summary (continued)
Intranet: internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web standards and protocols
Extranet: network based on Web technologies that links selected resources of a company’s intranet with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fourth Edition