1. Heating and Cooling with Geothermal Energy
6th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
Panel: Renewable Energy for Heating and Cooling
Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, Oct. 6-8, 2005
Heating and Cooling with Geothermal Energy
Dr. Burkhard Sanner
European Geothermal Energy Council, Brussels
Geothermische Vereinigung e.V., Geeste

2. Geothermal Energy can be spectacular!
Geysirs and
volcanoes show the earth heat
Photos of US Geological Survey

3. Geothermal Energy can be out of sight and hard to find…
Geothermal experts looking for traces of the system

4. Geothermal Energy can be out of sight and hard to find…
Office building heated and
cooled by geothermal heat
pumps since 1991
Externally, no traces of the
ground system are visible.
Inside, only heat pumps and
piping can be seen
Office building “Technorama” at Düsseldorf airport

5. Geothermal Energy Definition:
Geothermal Energy is energy stored in the form of
heat beneath the
surface of the
solid earth
(This definition is
official in Germany,
in guideline
VDI 4640)
Graph from Geothermal Education Office, California

6. High-Enthalpy Geothermal Energy world-wide
Graph from Geothermal Education Office, California

7. High-Enthalpy Geothermal Energy in EU
Graph from Geothermal Education Office, California

8. The Economic Situation of Geothermal Energy in EU
The situation is very different in the various countries and geothermal technologies, according to natural resources and political issues.
High enthalpy resources – in Italy, Greece, etc., for power, heat and other applications

9. A short glimpse at geothermal power
First experiment to produce geo-thermal power, done in Italy in 1904 by prince Ginori Conti
Photo courtesy of ENEL/ERGA, Italy
Photos: Lund
Modern geothermal power plants in Larderello, Italy

10. A short glimpse at geothermal power
Bad Blumau (Austria)
ORC-turbine
250 kW el. output
air-cooled
operational since end of 2000
(Photos: Prmat/Rogner)

11. A short glimpse at geothermal power
Principle of EGS system for geothermal power production
Drilling rig at the European R&D site Soultz-sous-Forêts (F)

12. The Economic Situation of Geothermal Energy in EU
The situation is very different in the various countries and geothermal technologies, according to natural resources and political issues.
High enthalpy resources – in Italy, Greece, etc., for power, heat and other applications
Deep geothermal energy mainly in basins (France, Germany, Poland, Italy, Hungary, etc.) for district heating, power, agriculture

13. The Potential of Geothermal Energy in EU
Potential after Shell-study

14. Deep Geothermal Energy
Geothermal heating plant Neustadt-Glewe photo O. Joswig
doublet system, used since the late 1970s in France and since 1984 in (Eastern) Germany

15. Deep Geothermal Energy
Cross-border geothermal district heating for the cities Simbach (D) and Braunau (A)
Geological cross-section
Graph: Geoteam

16. Deep Geothermal Energy
In most countries, geothermal district heating needs some investment support, reduced interest loans, etc. to become economic.
Cascade uses (district heating, industry, agri-culture, and other) improves economy, but usually are very difficult to achieve due to business obstacles, distances, etc.
The main financial obstacle is the heat distribution network (example: Bruchsal, D)
For heat distribution, Eastern European countries may have an advantage due to existing networks

17. Geothermal Greenhouses
Geothermal greenhouse in Nigrita, Greece
Cultivation of spirulina algae using geothermal heat

18. Geothermal application in the food industry
Geothermal tomato drying in Northern Greece
The finished product

19. Geothermal application in the food industry
Fish factory in Laugar, Iceland
Geothermal fish drying in Northern Iceland
The finished product

20. The Economic Situation of Geothermal Energy in EU
The situation is very different in the various countries and geothermal technologies, according to natural resources and political issues.
High enthalpy resources – in Italy, Greece, etc., for power, heat and other applications
Deep geothermal energy mainly in basins (France, Germany, Poland, Italy, Hungary, etc.) for district heating, power, agriculture
Shallow geothermal energy – geothermal heat pumps everywhere

21. Remarks from various countries
In France, heat from geothermal district heating carries the full VAT, natural gas only a reduced value
In Poland, projects are affected by not adequate mining law, many taxes, fees and royalties. These expenses are too high compared to the annual heat sales, even in the biggest plant

22. Shallow Geothermal Energy
For shallow geothermal systems, in several countries a market-driven economy exists. This is further boosted by the current oil price development
These countries comprise Sweden, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, and to a lesser extend Norway, Netherlands, etc.

23. Shallow Geothermal Energy
Geothermal heating at the Polar Circle: Hotel Storforsen, Älvsby, Sweden 33 BHE each 160 m deep

24. Shallow Geothermal Energy
A transition is underway of GSHP technology into two new areas:
Southern Europe and Mediterranean, with an emphasis on cooling and heating

25. Shallow Geothermal Energy
Heating and cooling of the guesthouse of the European Centre for public law „Meduca“ in Legraina, Greece
2 groundwater heat pumps
GSHP for cooling (and heating) with ground-water wells, for a supermarket in Mersin, Turkey

26. Shallow Geothermal Energy
A transition is underway of GSHP technology into two new areas:
Southern Europe and Mediterranean, with an emphasis on cooling and heating
Eastern and Southeastern Europe, where slowly a demand for more comfort in houses is growing, and a group of people who can afford it.
Countries are in particular Czech Republic and Poland, with others following

27. Some statistics for the shallow geothermal sector
Annual heat pump sales in Germany, according to heat sources
(after data from IZW, Hannover and BWP, Munich)
Heat pumps used for hot tap water only are not included Data for 2004 preliminary

28. Some statistics for the shallow geothermal sector
Heat Pump installations in Sweden (from SVEP)
Development of GSHP installations in Switzerland, in MWth
(from Kohl et al., 2002)

29. Some statistics on geothermal energy use
Geothermal energy use in the EU 2002 (after data from BMU, 2004)

30. Some statistics on geothermal energy use
Geothermal energy use in the enlarged EU 2004 (18 of 25 member countries, new members are shown in black).
The values are mainly valid for and are taken from the country update reports of WGC 2000

31. Geothermal Energy for the German Parliament
Heat- and Cold Storage, heat source waste heat from Combined Heat- and Power-Generation (CHP) during summertime

32. Geothermal Energy for the German Parliament
Map of the Parliament Buildings
View from Chancellor´s office towards the Parliament building

33. Geothermal Energy for the German Parliament
Heating- and Cooling-Network for the Parliament Buildings

34.
Thank you für your attention!