2. You will be able to
List and define the characteristics of muscle tissue
List and explain the functions of muscle tissue
List and describe the 3 types of muscle tissue
Describe and label the types of deep fascia
Describe the microscopic appearance of skeletal muscle
Label a typical skeletal muscle fiber
Label and describe the regions of a sarcomere

3. The scientific study of muscles

4. Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention or correction of disorders of the musculoskeletal system

5. Excitability – the ability to respond to a stimulus
Contractility – the ability to shorten when stimulated
Extensibility – the ability to be stretched
Elasticity – the ability to return to the original size

6. Motion – body movements as well as moving substances within the body
Posture – postural muscles continuously contract when awake to hold the body upright
Heat Production – muscular contraction produces 85% of the body’s heat

7. Location – attached to bones
Appearance – striated
Nervous Control - Voluntary

8. Location – The Heart
Appearance – striated
Nervous Control - involuntary

9. Location – walls of hollow organs
Appearance – non-striated
Nervous Control - involuntary

10. Fascia – sheets or bundles of fibrous connective tissue
Superficial Fascia – just beneath the skin
Deep Fascia – Holds muscles together
Epimysium – covers the entire muscle
Perimysium – covers a bundle of muscle fibers
Endomysium – covers individual muscle fibers

11. Tendon – cord-like extension of deep fascia that connects muscle to bone
Aponeurosis – a sheet of connective tissue, similar to a tendon that attaches muscles

13. Highly vascular and highly innervated
Need to respond to stimuli (nerves)
Uses lots of energy (ATP) so needs blood

14. Myofibers – muscle fiber (cell)
Sarcolemma – plasma membrane
Sarcoplasm – cytoplasm
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum – ER
Transverse Tubules (T-Tubules) – tubes that extend across the myofiber and open to the outside.

15. Myofibril – structures that make up the fibers
Myofilaments – structures that make up the fibrils
Sarcomeres – basic functional unit of skeletal muscles

17. http://www. brookscole

18. Z-line – end of a sarcomere
A-band – dark area made of thick and thin filaments
I-band – light area made of only thin filaments
H-zone – light area made of only thick filaments

19. Actin – protein that makes the thin filaments
Myosin – protein that makes the thick filaments

21. http://highered. mcgraw-hill

23. http://highered. mcgraw-hill

24. You will be able to Define the sliding filament theory.
Describe the actions of a muscle fiber when it contracts.
Label a diagram of a neuromuscular junction.
Describe the biochemical steps of a muscle contraction.
Discuss where the energy for muscle contraction comes from.
Describe the different types of muscle contractions.
Label a myogram of a twitch.

25. The thin filaments (actin) slide over the thick causing the sarcomere to shorten. This process requires ATP

27. Where a muscle is innervated (place where a nerve meets a muscle)

28. Nerve Cell

29. The nerve that stimulates a muscle to contract

30. Axon of a motor neuron that attaches to the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber
← Motor End Plate
Muscle →
← Neuron

31. The neurotransmitter (chemical) released by a motor neuron that stimulates a muscle to contract
Immunostaining of rat neuromuscular junctions
Neurofilament immunofluorescence stain(green)
Actylcholine receptor (red)

32. The combination of the motor neuron and the muscle it innervates
                               

34. An action potential causes the release of Ca+2 ions stimulating the myosin to move the actin filament
les/muscles.html
(labeling picture)

35.
Narrated Summary with tabs

36. The body uses ATP for energy
This ATP can be produced by the body in 3 ways

37. ADP + P + Energy → ATP
Fast
Not a lot of energy

38. 1C6H12O6 → 2C3H6O3 + ATP Glucose is broken down into Pyruvic Acid
Needs no oxygen
Not a lot of ATP

39. 1C3H6O3 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + ATP Starts with Pyruvic Acid from Anaerobic
Needs Oxygen to take place
Makes a lot of energy
Many Steps - longest

40. The muscle cells burn off the ATP they have floating around in about 3 seconds.
The phosphagen system kicks in and supplies energy for 8 to 10 seconds. This would be the major energy system used by the muscles of a 100-meter sprinter or weight lifter, where rapid acceleration, short-duration exercise occurs.
If exercise continues longer, then the glycogen-lactic acid system (anaerobic) kicks in. This would be true for short-distance exercises such as a 200- or 400-meter dash or 100-meter swim.
Finally, if exercise continues, then aerobic respiration takes over. This would occur in endurance events such as an 800-meter dash, marathon run, rowing, cross-country skiing and distance skating.

42. When a muscle fiber is stimulated it either completely contracts or does not contract at all

43. Threshold Stimulus – the weakest stimulus that can cause a muscle to contract
Sub-Threshold Stimulus – a stimulus that is too weak to cause a contraction

44. A record of the electrical activity of a muscle to determine the type of contraction

45. A rapid, jerky response to a single stimulus

46. Latent Period – time between the application of the stimulus and the muscle contraction
Contraction Period – time when filament are sliding over each other, causing a contraction
Relaxation Period – Time during which filaments are sliding back into place
Refractory Period – Time following a contraction during which a muscle is unable to respond to a stimulus

47. Contraction
Period
Relaxation
Period
Latent
Period
Refractory
Period

48. A sustained contraction

49. A muscle contracts more forcefully after contracting several times

50. Tension remains constant but the muscle shortens
Lifting something

51. Tension increases but muscle does not shorten
Pulling up on chair

52. Wasting away of muscle

53. Increase in the size of muscle fibers