1. Muscular System

2. The Muscular System https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VVL-8zr2hk4

3. Functions Movement ____________ ___________ Store and move substances
____________ ___________
Produce heat
Store and move substances
Stores food in stomach and pumps blood through the body. Heat is produced to maintain normal body temp

4. Properties of Muscle Tissue
Excitable
Contracts
Responds to __________
Elastic
stimuli
Excitable: Electric (Electrical stimulation from heart’s pacemaker) , chemically (hormones)
Elastic (extends beyond resting length but returns to arresting state.

5. Types of Muscle Tissue 1. Skeletal 2. Smooth 3. Cardiac
Which type(s) are under voluntary control?
Only skeletal muscle
The word “striated” means striped. Skeletal muscle appears striped under a microscope.
Discuss function and location of each

6. Fascia
Separate individual ____________
Form tendons
muscles

7. Structure of Muscles    
Muscles are composed of many _________ that are arranged in bundles called ___________
fibers
fascicles

8. Myofibrils
Made up of
ACTIN = thin filaments
MYOSIN = thick filaments

9. Continued Form dark and light bands A band = dArk • thick (myosin)
I band = lIght • thIn (actin)

11. Table Talk
fascicles
myofibrils
myofilaments
actin
myosin

12. B C A E D F

13. How muscles work with the nervous system
Neuromuscular junction-
Synapitc cleft –
Neruotranmistters-
NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION - where a nerve and muscle fiber come together
SYNAPTIC VESICLES - where neurotransmitters are stored
Neruotranmistters *these are released into the cleft and tell the muscle to contract

14. How Muscles Work with the Nervous System

15. Activation of Muscles Acetylcholine (Ach) Na+ Action potential
The neurotransmitter that crosses the gap is ACETYLCHOLINE.
This is what activates the muscle.
Activation of Muscles
Nerve impulse releases __________________
______ is released and moves into the muscle.
_____________ creates a muscle contraction.
Acetylcholine (Ach)
Na+
Action potential
Acetylcholine is stored in vesicles. Once in the synapse Ach binds to the receptor this causes Na to be released. The influx of Na+ creates an action potential.

16. The Sarcomere

17. Muscle Contractions http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVuW560nRII

18. Sliding Filament Theory/Model
States that the contraction of a muscle occurs as the thin filament slide past the thick filaments.
What is needed:
ATP
Calcium
Myosin & Actin
Acetylcholine
Cholinesterase

19. Sliding Filament Theory/Model
Binding of Ca+
Cross bridge formation
Power Stroke
Detachment
Cross bridge forms = actin and myosin bind
Power stroke = Myosin heads bend and pull actin.

20. The science behind fainting goats
These goats have myotonia congenital, a delayed relaxation of the skeletal muscles after voluntary contraction, electrical stimulation, or even being startled.

21. Energy for Muscles ATP is produced by __________________
* Only 25% of energy produced during cellular respiration is used in metabolic processes - the rest is in the form of HEAT.
maintains body temperature.
ATP is produced by __________________
Occurs in the mitochondria
Creatine phosphate increases _____________ of ATP
cellular respiration
regeneration
Body does not store a lot ATP, when your muscles start working the body must make ATP right away. To counter act this, the body uses creatine (which is broken down into ATP). Creatine is found in muslces (the meat we eat).
Most of the ATP made during cellular respiration is used to maintain body temp. Only 25% of it goes towards metabolic processes.

22. Muscle Hypertrophy Cell enlargement Attainted by _____________
Weight lifting
Muscle repair
Cell enlargement results in the appearance of larger muscles.
Creatine pulls water into muscles, this makes muscle look larger. This is due to water weight gain and not actual muscle mass.

23. Table Talk Explain why fainting goats muscles “freeze”.
Why might products like pro-creatine claim to increase energy?
Creatine pulls water into muscles, this makes muscle look larger. This is due to water weight gain and not actual muscle mass.

24. Muscle Fatigue Depletion of essential materials __________________
Body utilizes anaerobic respiration
Lactic acid is produced
Muscles can’t _________
Creates O2 debt
Lactic acid is a by product of anaerobic respiration (when ATP is made in the absence of O2). Anaerobic respiration= ATP made without O2.
Lactic acid indicator = burning sensation
contract

25. Anaerobic Respiration and Exercise
Does not always detrimental
Can be _________
Body pushed to threshold
beneficial
This allows for the body to builds strength and muscle mass. Utilizes the energy made by your muscles (ATP from lactic acid)
Aerobic exercise uses energy stored in the body. Cannot sustain this type of exercise very long.

27. Slow twitch vs Fast twitch
Contract slowly
___________________
Fast twitch
Contract quickly
_________________
Work for a long time
Slow twitch muscles are used for endurance activity (marathon runners), use fat as a fuel source
Slow twitch muscles are used for rapid movement (sprinter), use sugar as a fuel source
Which type of runner (sprinter vs marathon runner) would have lean muscles? Why?
Get tired fast

28. Table Talk
Does heavy weight lifting and HIIT training burn fat? Why or why not?
Is it true that the muscles in your writing hand are slightly larger then the muscles in your non-writing hand? Explain your reasoning.

29. Naming of Muscles Use six characteristics: Direction Size Shape Action
Number of origins
Location
Which characteristic(s) were used to name the pectoralis major?
Using the characteristics to name muscles, describe the rectus femoris.

30. Sternocleiodomastoid Muscle

31. Major Muscles of the Body

32. Which muscle(s) are being used?

33. Which muscle(s) are being used?

34. Which muscle(s) are being used?

35. Which muscle(s) are being used?

36. Muscular System Project
Hans and Frans
8 minute ABS
P90x