1. Final Exam Review CORC 1332 NET 1A & 1B
Exam will be Tuesday 5/24/2011 from 3:30-5:30 pm
Please note: our room was changed to 3127 Ingersoll!!
Bring with you a pen or pencil, calculator, ruler, string and protractor (optional) during the final.
No cell phones or other electronics devices are allowed.
Review Session with George and Peter:
5/12/2011 room 2127N from 6:30-8 pm
Office Hours:
Michelle 12:30-1:30 pm
5/10 and 5/17

2. Study Guide, Minerals
Know how to use a chart of mineral properties to identify an unknown mineral.
See:
Know the difference between a rock and a mineral.
See: and
Review mineral properties from the resource table at:
**Be sure you are thoroughly familiar with the introductory web page for each mineral property
Review mineral families at:

3. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Review for Exam 1
Mineral Properties
►KNOW HOW TO CALCULATE THE DENSITY OF A MINERAL.
Density or specific gravity is the ratio of the weight of a substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
Density = Weight/Volume
1) Begin by recording
the weight of the
specimen, in this
case grams.
BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT 3

4. Density or specific gravity
Review for Exam 1
Mineral Properties
►HOW TO CALCULATE THE DENSITY OF A MINERAL.
Density or specific gravity
2) The amount of water displaced is 20ml = 20cc ( )
3) Divide 155.8g/20cc = 7.79 g/cc.
So, the density of the minerals is 7.79g/cc.
BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT 4

5. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Review for Maps
You will be responsible to answer similar questions as you had on your map assignment.
This includes:
--Determining stream direction
--Labeling contours
--Finding the gradient
--Determining azimuth direction
--How to use the different scale bars to determine distance
BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

6. Maps: Determine Direction of Stream Flow
Scale bar length = 100 miles
Contour Interval = 50 feet
Elevation of point Q = 583 feet
Start Point: Q End Point: R
In what general direction is the stream flowing?
Answer: From West to East
(The legs of the letter V give you the direction of flow)
Protractor used to determine azimuth readings
BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

7. Maps: Distance Between Two Points
Scale bar length = 100 miles
Contour Interval = 50 feet
Elevation of point Q = 583 feet
Start Point: Q End Point: R
1) We measure the scale with the ruler and now we know that
1.5 cm = 100 miles
Protractor
What is the straight line distance between points Q and T in miles?
BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

8. Maps: Distance Between Two Points
Scale bar length = 100 miles
Contour Interval = 50 feet
Elevation of point Q = 583 feet
Start Point: Q End Point: R
2) We measure the distance between the two points that is 8.5 cm = x miles
Protractor
What is the straight line distance between points Q and T in miles?
BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

9. Maps: Distance Between 2 Points
Calculations
BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

10. Scale bar length = 100 miles
Maps: Distance Between 2 Points (MILES)
Scale bar length = 100 miles
Contour Interval = 50 feet
Elevation of point Q = 583 feet
Start Point: Q End Point: R
Answer:
The distance between points Q and T is 567 miles.
Protractor
BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

11. Maps: Gradient of a Steam
Scale bar length = 100 miles
Contour Interval = 50 feet
Elevation of point Q = 583 feet
Start Point: Q End Point: R
Protractor
What is the average gradient of the stream between points R and T?
Begin by measuring the length of the stream. Lay carefully a string along the course of the river.
BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

12. Maps: Gradient of a Steam
2) Measure the string with a ruler, in this case the measurement is 5 4/16 or 5 ¼ inches. *
After completing the calculations (on the left) the distance measured by the ruler is 884 miles (this is your horizontal distance).
*19/32 inches = length of scale bar
BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

13. Maps: Gradient of a Steam
Scale bar length = 100 miles
Contour Interval = 50 feet
Elevation of point Q = 583 feet
Start Point: Q End Point: R
Next, Measure the heights of points R and T.
Label the contours taking into account the
contour interval = 50 ft and the elevation of point Q = 583 ft
Protractor
500
500
f= 600 ft
h= 650 ft
k= 650 ft
BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

14. Maps: Gradient of a Steam
Protractor
Scale bar length = 100 m
Contour Interval = 50 feet
Elevation of point Q = 583 feet
Start Point: Q End Point: R
500
2)Measure the heights of points R and T and find the difference
between them (this is your vertical difference).
R = 500 ft, T = 400 ft
Difference is 100ft.
500
f=600
h= 650 ft
k= 650 ft
BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

15. Maps: Gradient of a Steam To Calculate Gradient:
►Remember: Gradient or steepness between two points is the difference in elevation (ED) divided by the horizontal distance (HD):
To Calculate Gradient:
(Using the numbers from the previous slides)
ED (difference in elevation)= 100 feet
HD (horizontal distance) = 884 miles
100ft
884miles
= 0.11 feet/mile
Gradient= ED = HD
*Gradient is equivalent to slope (m=y/x)*
BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

16. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Maps
Protractor
Scale bar length = 100 m
Contour Interval = 50 feet
Elevation of point Q = 583 feet
Start Point: Q End Point: R
500
500
What is the elevation (in feet) of contour ‘d’?
Answer: 400 ft
BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

17. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Maps
Protractor
Scale bar length = 100 m
Contour Interval = 50 feet
Elevation of point Q = 583 feet
Start Point: Q End Point: R
500
500
What is the elevation of contour ‘k’?
Answer: 650 feet
BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

18. What is the differences between the two?
What is an outcrop?
What is bedrock?
What is the differences between the two?
►Bedrock is a layer of undisturbed rock usually located beneath a surface layer of soil or other material.
►A surface exposure of bedrock is called an outcrop.
BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

19. Locations w/in the NYC Metropolitan Area
Know all of the locations marked on the map.
BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

20. Longitude and Latitude
Any point on a line of latitude is its position North or South of the equator.
Any point on a line of longitude is its position East or West of the Prime Meridian.
BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

21. Longitude and Latitude
Determining the latitude and longitude of a point
What is the latitude and longitude at point J?
Answer:
Latitude (Horizontal) 5o 59’ 45” North
Longitude (Vertical) 71o 00’ 00” West
BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

22. Longitude and Latitude What is the latitude and longitude at point H?
For the latitude: (pink arrows)
We see that point H is between 5o 59’ 45” and 6o 00’ 00” so we have 15” in between. We take half of 15” which is about 8” and add those 8” to 45” to get a latitude of 5o 59’ 53”.
For the longitude: (green arrows)
We see that point H lies between
71o 00’ 00” and 71o 00’ 45” so we have 45” in between. Take half of 45” which is about 23” so we add those seconds to 00” to get a longitude 71o 00’ 23”.
BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

23. Plate Tectonics
Be familiar with the evidence Alfred Wegener cited to support the hypothesis of continental drift at
Understand the difference between a scientific theory and a hypothesis.
See
Know the contraction theory of mountain building, shown at
Understand what paleomagnetism is. See
Understand how the idea of convection cells is applied to the movements of crust and mantle.
See
Know where the heat causing this movement comes from.
See
Be thoroughly familiar with the characteristics of the different types of plate boundaries. You will have to review several web pages, starting with
When you review the section on earthquakes and volcanism, starting at be conscious of which tectonic setting are associated with both kinds of event and which are associated with only one. Be sure you know what causes earthquakes.
Be familiar with the phenomenon of intraplate volcanoes at
Know the difference between the various types of earthquake waves and how the epicenter of an earthquake is located. See

24. Fourth Dimension
1. Review your Fourth Dimension assignment (short answer portion)
2. Know the difference between Law of Superposition, unconformities, Law of Horizontality and how to apply them when looking at a cross section.
See
3. Review transportation and depositional processes involving sediments
See
4. How to determine rock origin
5. Understand the differences in the texture of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. Terms to know (Texture, Crystalline, Clastic, glass, vesicular, non-vesicular)
For example: If a geologist finds in the field a rock with poorly sorted grains with a clastic texture what class of rock would it belong too? Ans. Sedimentary

25. DECIPHERING A SAMPLE OF EARTH HISTORY
You will be given an example very similar to this and have to determine:
--the sequence of events
--appropriate law (ex. The relative age of Intrusion C and fault F-F can be determined by? Ans. Cross-cutting relationships.)
--determine the age of a layer based on information given
--Know what an unconformity represents.