1. 6 December 2010 Renal Physiology
Lab this week: Urinalysis
Review website for instructions.
Avoid caffeine on lab day, come to lab well hydrated.

2. Renal Physiology Structures of the kidney
Four fundamental renal mechanisms
Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
Metabolism
Functions of the kidneys
Homeostasis
Fluid balance (blood pressure)
Electrolyte balance (blood pressure, membrane excitability)
Acid-base balance (in concert with lungs)

3. Table 14.02

4. Lab this week for some: Extra 800 ml intake!
Sidebar: some desert animals never drink and must obtain all their water in the diet.

5. Table 14.04
Lab this week for some:
Extra 7 g intake!

6. Kidneys are source of 3 hormones: Renin, EPO, and Vit D.
Kidneys are targets of 3 hormones: ADH, Aldosterone, ANH
Tubular fluid vs urine
Topics discussed: cortex, medulla, kidney stones, micturition (detrussor, internal and external urethra sphincters and innervation), incidence of bladder infections by gender, urethral sphincters

7. Renal artery = One way in
Renal artery = One way in. Two ways out of kidney (renal vein or ureter)

8. Who Cares?

10. Polycystic Kidney Disease
Fig
Fluid-filled cysts
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Symptoms? Genetics? Prognosis & Treament?
14.04.jpg

11. Juxtamedullary and Cortical Nephrons
Fig a
Renal corpuscle
Peritubular Capillaraies and branch thereof called vasa recta
14.02a.jpg

12. The nephron

13. Fig a
14.03a.jpg

14. Glomerular Filtration Rate is 180 L/day
Fig
Glomerular Filtration Rate is 180 L/day
Three stimuli for secretion of renin from JGC
14.05.jpg

15. Fig b
14.03b.jpg

16. Ultrafiltrate of plasma enters Bowman’s space
Composition same as plasma except no formed elements and no proteins and no substances bound to proteins
Figure 14.03

17. Fig
Starling Forces
14.08.jpg
variable

18. What happens during hemorrhage?
Fig
Ways to alter GFR
What substances can cause this constriction?
14.09.jpg
What happens during hemorrhage?

19. Fig a
14.02a.jpg

20. Figure 14.10 reabsorption secretion
Membrane proteins are segregated into apical (luminal) and basolateral membranes.
Figure 14.10
reabsorption
secretion
Amino acid
glucose
metabolism

21. Special terms
Filtration: movement of fluid from blood into the lumen of the nephron
Reabsorption: the movement of specific compounds from the lumen back into the blood (peritubular capillaries)
Secretion: the transport of specific compounds from blood into the lumen
Excretion: elimination from the body in urine

22. Reabsorption and secretion in proximal tubule is NOT under hormonal control.
Primary active transport of Na+ establishes a gradient for reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, etc.
Reabsorption and secretion in DCT & CCD is under hormonal control.
Hormones that act here: ANH, ADH, Aldosterone.
Here, reabsorption of Na+ is linked to the secretion of K+.