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Vitamin A: significance

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Presentation on theme: "Vitamin A: significance"— Presentation transcript:

1 Vitamin A: significance
Domina Petric, MD

2 Significance of vitamin A
In 1994, nearly 14 million preschool children (three quarters from south Asia) were estimated to have clinical eye disease (xerophthalmia) due to vitamin A deficiency. Most recent estimates (2005) indicate that the prevalence of the clinical problem (corneal lesions and Bitot’s spots) has declined (0.5% per year) to affect at the present about 4.4 million children. At the same time the prevalence of subclinical deficiency (serum retinol levels < 0.7 µmol/L) has increased. 9/17/2018 Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

3 Xerophthalmia and Bitot´s spot
Glutenfreeworks.com 9/17/2018 Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

4 Significance of vitamin A
Vitamin A deficiency is now recognized as one of the most devastating of health problems, causing an estimated one million child deaths each year. It is the single most important cause of childhood blindness in developing countries, affecting 250,000 to 500,000 children each year. 9/17/2018 Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

5 Sources of vitamin A II. 9/17/2018 Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

6 Vitamin A activities in foods
Vitamin A exists as: preformed retinoids, which are stored in animal tissues provitamin A carotenoids, which are synthesized as pigments by many plants and are found in green, orange, and yellow plant tissues 9/17/2018 Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

7 Vitamin A activities in foods
In milk, meat, and eggs, vitamin A exists in several forms, mainly as long-chain fatty acid esters of retinol, the predominant one being retinyl palmitate. 9/17/2018 Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

8 Vitamin A activities in foods
The carotenoids are present in both plant and animal food products. 9/17/2018 Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

9 Food rich in vitamin A 9/17/2018 Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

10 Image source: Johnmullsmeats.com
Beef liver 10,503 IU/100 g Image source: Johnmullsmeats.com 9/17/2018 Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

11 Poultry meat 41 IU/100 g Zootecnicainternational.com
9/17/2018 Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

12 Mackerel 130 IU/100 g Greatbritishcheefs.com
9/17/2018 Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

13 Herring 28 IU/100 g iSTOCK photos
9/17/2018 Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

14 Eggs 552 IU/100 g Seriouseats.com
9/17/2018 Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

15 Swiss cheese 253 IU/100 g Bgr.com
9/17/2018 Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

16 Butter 754 IU/100 g Foodnetwork.com
9/17/2018 Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

17 Peas 15 IU/100 g Wikipedia.org
9/17/2018 Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

18 Beans 171 IU/100 g Healthline.com
9/17/2018 Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

19 Chickpeas 7 IU/100 g Medicalnewstoday.com
9/17/2018 Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

20 Lentils 4 IU/100 g Thehealthyhomeeconomist.com
9/17/2018 Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

21 Soybeans 2 IU/100 g Alibaba.com
9/17/2018 Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

22 Green peppers 420 RE/100 g Palmaworld.com
9/17/2018 Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

23 Red peppers 21,600 RE/100 g Pixabay.com
9/17/2018 Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

24 Carrots 11,000 RE/100 g Thespruce.com RE: retinol equivalents
9/17/2018 Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

25 Peach 1,330 RE/100 g Wikipedia.org
9/17/2018 Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

26 Pumpkin 1,600 RE/100 g Wiktionary
9/17/2018 Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

27 IU vs. RE 1 retinol equivalent (RE) = 1 µg all-trans-retinol = 2 µg all-trans-β-carotene in dietary supplements = 12 µg all-trans-β-carotene in foods = 24 µg other provitamin A carotenoids in foods For pharmaceutical applications: 1 USPa unit (or IUb) = 0.3 µg all-trans-retinol = µg all-trans-retinyl acetate = 0.55 µg all-trans-retinyl palmitate 9/17/2018 Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

28 Literature Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc 9/17/2018 Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

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