1. Are you my type
Blood typing activity

2. Bell Work
A woman with type A blood (genotype: AO) is married to a type B person (genotype: BO). What blood types will their children have?
What is a technique used for the separation of particles from a solution according to their size, shape, density, viscosity of the medium and rotor speed?
How often can you donate blood?

3. Answers
1. 1/4 will by AB, type AB blood; 1/4 will be AO, or type A Blood; 1/4 will be BO, or type B blood; 1/4 will be OO, type O Blood 2. Centrifuge or Centrifugation 3. Every 56 days

4. Blood Worksheet Review

5. Blood Worksheet
Leukemia: cancer of blood cells. Abnormal blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. Usually, leukemia involves the production of abnormal white blood cells -- the cells responsible for fighting infection. Leukocytosis: white cells above the normal range in the blood. It is frequently a sign of an inflammatory response, most commonly the result of infection.

6. Blood Transfusion
If a person loses a lot of blood-either from a wound or during surgery-he or she may be given a blood transfusion. A transfusion is a transfer of blood from one person to another. Most early attempts at blood transfusions failed, but no one knew why until the early 1900s

7. Dr. Karl Landsteiner
Landsteiner went on to discover that there are four major types of blood-named A, B, AB, and O. Blood types are determined by proteins known as marker molecules that are on the red blood cells. If your blood type is A, you have the A marker. If your blood type is B, you have the B marker. People with type AB blood have both A and B markers. People with type O blood have neither A nor B markers.

8. Dr. Karl Landsteiner
At that time, Karl Landsteiner, an Austrian American physician, tried mixing blood samples from pairs of people. Sometime the two blood samples blended smoothly. In other cases, however, the red blood cells clumped together. This clumping accounted for the failure of many blood transfusions. If clumping occurs within the body, it clogs the capillaries and may lead to death.

9. Your plasma contains clumping proteins that recognize red blood cells with “foreign” markers (not yours) and make those cells clump together. For example, if you have blood type A, your blood contains proteins that are anti-B. That is they act against cells with B markers. So, if you receive a trans-fusion of type B blood, your clumping protein will make the foreign type B cells clump together.

10. Landsteiner’s work led to a better understanding of transfusions
Landsteiner’s work led to a better understanding of transfusions. The marker molecules on your red blood cells determine your blood type and the type of blood that you can safely receive in transfusions. A person with type A blood can receive transfusion of either type A or type O blood. Neither of these two blood types has B markers. Thus they would not be recognized as foreign by the clumping proteins in type A blood. A person with type AB blood can receive all blood types in transfusions because type AB blood has no clumping proteins.

11. Positive or Negative
The red blood cells also have a protein that is called Rh on the surface of the cell. Your blood can be Rh positive, which means that you have the Rh protein, or Rh negative, which means that you do not have the Rh protein.
approximately 85% of the population has an Rh-positive blood type, leaving only 15% with Rh negative

12. Pregnancy and RH
The only way for someone to have a negative blood type is for both parents to have at least one negative factor
RhoGAM, or Rho(d) Immune Globulin Human, is a sterilized solution made from human blood. It is used to prevent an immune response in mothers who are Rh negative. If a pregnant woman who is Rh negative does not receive RhoGAM, and is carrying an Rh-positive baby, she risks the health of future pregnancies because she has been exposed to the positive blood from her current unborn baby.

13. Cross- Matching
If you ever receive a transfusion, your blood type will be checked first. Then, donated blood that you can safely receive will be found. This process is called cross matching. You may have heard a doctor on a television show give the order to “type and cross.” The doctor wants to find out what blood type the patient has and then cross it with donated blood.”

14. Blood Types: Give and Receive
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15. Key Rules to Remember Positive only gives to positive
Negative can give to positive and negative
Negative Receive only from Negative

16. Universal GIVER and RECEIVER
O Negative is the universal GIVER
AB Positive blood can RECEIVE all blood types in transfusions because type AB blood has no clumping proteins.

17. Thinking Questions
1. Why is it important that blood typing be carefully checked before a blood transfusion?
2. What can happen to the blood of a recipient whose blood is not compatible with that of the donor’s?
3. If you were in a foreign country and needed a blood transfusion, would you feel as safe there as in the USA? Why of why not?

18. Lab Activity
Prior Knowledge: What is a blood transfusion? What makes a transfusion unsuccessful?
Materials:
4 small plastic cups of water
4 small empty plastic cups
Blue, green, and yellow food coloring
Sharpie pen

19. Procedures 1. Make a small cup of yellow water, label “Blood Type A”
2. Make a small cup of blue water, label “Blood Type B”
3. Make a small cup of green water, label “Blood Type AB”
4. Pour a small amount of plain water into a cup, label “Blood Type O”
5. Pour a small amount of one of the blood types into an empty cup (recipient). Add a second blood type to it (donor), simulating a “blood transfusion”.
6. Notice the results and record on the data table. A color change indicates that the transfusion failed. (In a real blood transfusion, this failure would be evidenced by agglutination of the red blood cells.)

20. Results Table Blood Type #1 (DONOR) Blood Type #2 (RECIEVER)
Observations
Successful Transfusion? (a color change indicates a failure)

21. Evaluation (TURN IN) 1. What transfusions were successful?
How do you know?
2. One of the blood types is considered a universal donor. Which blood type is this? How do you know?
3. One of the blood types is considered a universal recipient. Which blood type is this? How do you know?
4. Why is it important to know an individual’s blood type?