1. Having fun in the sun while protecting yourself
Sun Safety
Having fun in the sun while protecting yourself
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2. Sun Safety
Overexposure to the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays threatens human health
Children are highly susceptible to harmful UV radiation, since 80 % of lifetime sun exposure occurs before the age of 18.
Just one or two blistering sunburns in childhood may double the risk of developing melanoma.
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3. UV radiation has both positive and negative effects
Positive UV effects:
Warmth
Light
Photosynthesis in plants
Vitamin D synthesis in body
Mood elevation
Kills pathogens
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4. UV radiation has both positive and negative effects
Negative UV effects:
Overexposure to UV radiation is the primary environmental risk factor for:
Diseases of the eye
Immune suppression
Skin cancers
Photoaging
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5. Skin cancer facts
According to the American Cancer Society, skin cancer is the most common of all cancers.
One American dies every hour from skin cancer.
One million new cases of basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma will have been detected this year.
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6. Skin cancer facts
42,000 new cases of malignant melanoma will have been diagnosed.
Skin cancer will have claimed 9,200 lives, 7,300 of these from melanoma and 1,900 from other skin cancers.
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7. Eye Damage from UV Radiation
Increased risk of cataracts
“Burning” of the eye surface, called “snow blindness” or photokeratitis
UV damage to the eyes is cumulative
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8. Photoaging
Chronic overexposure to the sun changes the texture and weakens the elastic properties of the skin.
Leathery and wrinkled skin results.
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9. Photoaging
Sun-induced damage causes wrinkles, furrows, easy bruising, brown or “liver spots,” precancerous lesions called actinic keratoses.
Photoaging is also a cumulative process.
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11. Immune System Suppression
Sunburns can alter the distribution and function of disease-fighting white blood cells in humans for up to 24 hours after exposure.
Repeated exposure can cause more damage to the body’s immune system.
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12. Immune System Suppression
Mild sunburns can directly suppress the immune functions of human skin where the sunburn occurred, even in people with dark skin.
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13. Effects of Exposure to UV Radiation
Sunburn
Tanning
Prematurely aged skin (including wrinkles and loss of elasticity)
Actinic keratosis
Skin cancer(s)
Cataracts
Immune system suppression
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14. Skin Cancer Facts
Since 1973, the rate of new melanomas diagnosed per year has doubled from 6 new cases per 100,000 population to 12.
Melanoma is the most common cancer for women ages and the second most common cancer for women age 30-34
When melanoma is caught early, it is almost 100% curable.
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15. Skin Cancer Facts
Every year, more than 1,000,000 people get skin cancer.
Skin cancer is the most common of all cancers:
One in five Americans will develop skin cancer in his or her lifetime.
One American develops skin cancer every 30 seconds.
Skin cancer kills one American every hour!
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16. Types of Skin Cancers Basal Cell Carcinoma ( 75% ) Most common type
Grows slowly and rarely spreads
Appears as a pink or white pearly bump or an irritated patch that may bleed and crust over
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17. Basal Cell Carcinoma
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18. Types of Skin Cancers Squamous Cell Carcinoma
More dangerous than basal cell
Appears as pink bump or scaly patch with an open sore in the center.
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19. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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20. Types of Skin Cancers
Melanoma
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21. Melanoma
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22. Skin Cancer Facts
There is now a 1-in-84 lifetime risk of developing melanoma in the U.S. population -- an 1800% increase since 1930, according to research reported by Dr. Darrell S. Rigel of the New York University School of Medicine.
Most of the sun damage that leads to melanoma occurs before age 18.
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23. UVA Vs. UVB Radiation UVB: UVA:
penetrates into epidermis - 90% is absorbed in the first 0.03 mm
can be blocked by paper, opaque plastic, cloth and glass
Thickens upper skin layer
UVA:
Penetrates into dermis - 37% penetrates to 0.06 mm
Can be blocked by paper, opaque plastic, cloth
Penetrates glass
Increases melanin in skin
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24. Ultraviolet Radiation
Two main types of UV radiation reach the earth, UVA and UVB.
There are no safe UV rays.
Tanning booths emit mainly UVA radiation, but also some UVB. Older tanning devices emitted UVB.
While both UVA and UVB contribute to skin damage, UVA has links to malignant melanoma; UVB more likely to cause burns.
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25. Ultraviolet Radiation
UVB rays have shorter wavelength and burn outer layers of the skin.
UVA rays have longer wavelength and penetrate deeper into the skin.
Both types of radiation may cause skin cancers.
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26. Ultraviolet Radiation and Tanning Devices
Emit 2 to 3 times the amount of UVA in natural sunlight
An average 15 to 30 minute visit exposes a person to the same amount of UVA he/she would get in a day at the beach.
At least 1,000,000 Americans (on average) visit tanning salons each day.
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27. Ultraviolet Radiation and Tanning Devices
A new Swedish study concluded that the use of tanning beds increases the risk of melanoma. Chances of later development of melanoma increased by 300% in occasional tanning bed users. For those using tanning beds more than 10 times per year, risk of melanoma increased by an astounding 800%. The increased risk was greatest if subjects were under the age of 30.
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28. Ultraviolet Radiation and Tanning Devices
The American Academy of Dermatology has flatly stated there are no known beneficial effects of tanning booths to health.
As a corollary, the American Academy of Dermatology believes there is no such thing as a “healthy” tan.
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29. ACS says the risks associated with UV exposure increases if you:
Have a family history of skin cancer
Have freckles and burn before tanning
Spend a lot of time outdoors
Have fair skin; or blonde, red, or light brown hair
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30. ACS says the risks associated with UV exposure increases if you:
Were previously treated for skin cancer
Live or vacation at high altitudes
Have lots of moles, irregular moles, or large moles
Have certain diseases, such as lupus erythematosus
Take certain medications
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31. Limiting Exposure to UV Radiation (ACS)
Limit direct sun exposure during midday (10 AM – 3 PM)
Cover up
Wear a hat
Use a broad spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or higher
Infants under six months of age should be kept out of direct sun and covered by protective clothing.
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32. Limiting Exposure to UV Radiation (ACS)
Apply sunscreen/sunblock about 30 minutes before sun exposure and reapply frequently – every 1 to 1 ½ hours, even on cloudy days, more often if swimming or heavily perspiring
Wear sunglasses that block UV rays
Be especially careful around water, snow and at high altitudes
Avoid sunlamps and tanning booths
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33. Australia’s “Slip, Slap, Slop” Program
“Slip” on a shirt
“Slap” on a hat
“Slop” on sunscreen
“Slip, Slap, Slop” is a national program in Australia, equivalent in size, scope and importance to U.S.A.’s cancer or anti-smoking campaigns.
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34. Barriers to Behavior Change
Most people are aware of health risks, but want to tan anyway, either in the sun or a tanning salon -- or both. Why?
Feel that it makes them look better.
Feel that it makes them feel better.
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35. Barriers to Behavior Change
Feel a tan protects them (from burns).
Feel that a tan improves their self-esteem.
Feel that a tan gives them a “healthy” appearance.
Peer influence
Media influence
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36. ABCD Rule for Early Detection of Melanoma
A is for Asymmetry: One-half of a mole or birthmark does not match the other.
B is for Border: The edges are irregular, ragged, notched, or blurred.
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37. ABCD Rule for Early Detection of Melanoma
C is for Color: The color is not the same all over, but may have differing shades of brown or black, sometimes with patches of red, white, or blue.
D is for Diameter: The area is larger than 6 millimeters (about the size of a pencil eraser) or is growing larger.
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