1. Psychoanalysis: A Journey into the Dark
HKASL ~ Literature in English

2. Introduction
A family of psychological theories and methods based on the work of Sigmund Freud
To discover connections among the unconscious components of patients' mental processes
To help liberate the patient from unexamined or unconscious barriers of transference and resistance

3. Hypotheses Human development: changing objects of sexual desire
The psychic apparatus habitually represses wishes
Usually sexual or aggressive
Preserved in one or more unconscious systems of ideas
Unconscious conflicts over repressed wishes manifested in dreams, parapraxes ("Freudian slips"), and symptoms

4. Hypotheses Unconscious conflicts: source of neuroses
Treated in psychoanalytic treatment: bringing the unconscious wishes and repressed memories to consciousness

5. The Unconscious
The unconscious: part of mental functioning of which subjects make themselves unaware
Not including all of what is not conscious, e.g., motor skills
Actively repressed from conscious thought, such as stereotypes and the effects of past relationships on the present

6. The Unconscious A depository for… Not necessarily solely negative
Socially unacceptable ideas, wishes or desires
Traumatic memories
Painful emotions put out of mind by the mechanism of psychological repression
Not necessarily solely negative
A force to be recognized by its effects — it expresses itself in the symptom

7. Psychic structures Divisions of the psyche The id The super-ego:
Primitive desires
Hunger, rage, and sex
The super-ego:
Internalized norms, morality and taboos
The ego:
Mediation between the two
May include or give rise to the sense of self

8. Roots of Neurosis
Freud’s earliest writings: all neuroses were rooted in childhood sexual abuse (the seduction theory)
Freud came to abandon or de-emphasize this hypothesis
The importance of unconscious fantasy as the cause of neurosis
Particularly fantasy structured according to the Oedipus complex

9. Roots of Neurosis: The Oedipus complex
A concept developed to explain the origin of certain neuroses in childhood
Based on the Greek myth of Oedipus:
Unwittingly kills his father Laius
Marries his mother Jocasta
To emerge in childhood
To persist into adulthood in the form of symptomatic interferences with mature sexual relationships if left unresolved

10. Roots of Neurosis: The Oedipus Complex
Including ‘positive' and 'negative‘ aspects
The positive oedipal longings:
The child's sexual wishes for and desire to possess the parent of the opposite sex
Engendering jealousy and death-wishes towards the rival same-sex parent

11. Roots of Neurosis: The Oedipus Complex
The opposite or 'negative' oedipal longings
For the parent of the same-sex
Corresponding wishes to eliminate the parent of the opposite sex
Usually are less predominant
Depending on multiple factors
The sex of the child
Other constitutional factors
The point in time during the oedipal phase
External circumstances within the child's environment

12. Roots of Neurosis: The Oedipus Complex
Conscious initially
Sometimes verbalized by children during the oedipal phase of development
Roughly between the ages of three and five
Resolution to the conflicts:
Child’s concessions to reality in his / her growth
Identifications with parental values
Unresolved residues:
Repressed to the unconscious
To be manifested in the form of symptoms and inhibitions

13. The Life and Death Instincts
Humans driven by two conflicting central desires:
The life drive
Eros / Libido
Incorporating the sex drive
Creative, life-producing
The death drive
Thanatos (or death instinct)
An urge inherent in all living things
Returning to a state of calm, or, ultimately, of non-existence

14. Post-Freudian Schools
Object relations theory
The ego-self exists only in relation to other objects
External or internal
Internal objects:
Internalized versions of external objects
Primarily formed from early interactions with the parents

15. Post-Freudian Schools
Object relations theory
Three fundamental "affects" existing between the self and the other
Attachment
Frustration
Rejection
Universal emotional states
Major building blocks of the personality

16. Post-Freudian Schools
Interpersonal psychoanalysis
Harry Stack Sullivan
Details of patient's interpersonal interactions with others: insight into the causes and cures of mental disorder
Patients keep many aspects of interpersonal relationships out of their awareness by selective inattention
Psychotherapists:
Conduct a detailed inquiry into patient's interactions with others
Patients would become optimally aware of their interpersonal patterns

17. Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism
Influenced by the tradition of psychoanalysis begun by Sigmund Freud
Psychoanalytic reading as an interpretive tradition
To explore the psyche of authors and characters
To explain narrative mysteries
To develop new concepts in psychoanalysis

18. Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism
Object: the psychoanalysis of the author or of a particularly interesting character
Following the analytic interpretive process discussed in Freud's Interpretation of Dreams
More complex variations are possible
The founding texts of psychoanalysisre-read for the light cast by their formal qualities on their theoretical content
Example: Freud's texts
Resembling detective stories
Archaeological narratives

19. ~Hope you enjoy the journey into your “self”~