1. Atom, PTE, Trends, Bohr Model Review

2. In the electron cloud (Schrodinger) of the atom, what does the cloud represent?
  A. the limits of the electron location
  B. the probability of the electron location
  C. the average distance between the electron and the nucleus
  D. the minimum distance between the electron and the nucleus

3. An atom has a net charge of _________________________

4. Ions are produced when an atom gains or loses an _________________

5. . Positive ions are called ______________ while negative ions are called ____________

6. Explain why cations are smaller than the neutral atom.

7. Isotopes have a different number of ______________

8. 23Na K 40 19 F 10 131I 109 47 46 36S Cr 53 Symbol Atomic Number(Z)
Mass Number(A)
Number of Protons
Number of Electrons
Number of Neutrons
23Na K 40 19 F 10
131I
109 47 46
36S Cr 53

9. The difference between the atomic number of an element and the element’s atomic mass is the number of
  A. ions.
  B. protons.
  C. electrons.
  D. neutrons.

10. How is the structure of an atom BEST described?
  A. a negative core surrounded by densely packed matter
  B. a neutral core surrounded by mostly empty space
  C. a positive core surrounded by mostly empty space
  D. a positive core surrounded by densely packed matter

11. Sodium is a metal with one valence electron
Sodium is a metal with one valence electron. Which of these elements has properties similar to sodium?
  A. magnesium
  B. potassium
  C. aluminum
  D. calcium

12. Which group on the periodic table contains elements that are the LEAST reactive?
  A. group 1 (1A)
  B. group 3 (3B)
  C. group 16 (6A)
  D. group 18 (8A)

13. Based on the periodic table, how many protons are found in an atom of iron (Fe)

14. A sodium atom must contain 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons
A sodium atom must contain 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons. In order to make the sodium ion, what must occur to the sodium atom
A. It must gain one electron.
  B. It must lose one electron.
  C. It must gain one proton.
  D. It must lose one proton.

15. Almost all of the elements found on the left side of the periodic table have which of these properties in common?
  A. They are solids at room temperature.
  B. They don’t conduct electricity.
  C. They are brittle and dull.
  D. They are radioactive.

16. Based on its position in the periodic table of the elements, how many valence electrons does phosphorus have?

17. How will a diagram of a sulfur (S) atom be similar to the oxygen diagram?
  A. Both diagrams will show eight protons.
  B. Both diagrams will show eight neutrons.
  C. Both diagrams will show two electron orbitals.
  D. Both diagrams will show six valence electrons.

18. Which of these nonmetals is more reactive—bromine or krypton
Which of these nonmetals is more reactive—bromine or krypton? Explain your answer based on the outer most electrons.

19. The number of valence electrons in an element affects the reactivity of that element. Which element listed has the FEWEST valence electrons?
  A. beryllium (Be)
  B. sodium (Na)
  C. oxygen (O)
  D. neon (Ne)

20. Properties of Substances
Substance State Conductor of Electricity? Shiny/Dull
1 Liquid No Dull
2 Solid No Shiny
3 Solid Yes Shiny
Liquid Yes Dull
Based on the table, which substance is MOST likely a metal?
  A. 1
  B. 2
  C. 3
  D. 4

21. Draw a Bohr diagram for phosphorus
. Draw a Bohr diagram for phosphorus. State the number of valence electrons, the ion formation, and make a statement that connects the two in terms of energy.

22. Certain elements with similar chemical and physical properties are found in the same column in the periodic table of the elements. These chemicals
  A. are in the same period.
  B. are in the same family.
  C. have the same number of electrons.
  D. have the same atomic mass number.

23. Which statement BEST describes the trend in atomic radii observed in the periodic table?
  A. The atomic radii increase, moving across a period to the right and down in a group.
  B. The atomic radii increase, moving across a period to the left and up in a group.
  C. The atomic radii increase, moving across a period to the right and up in a group.
  D. The atomic radii increase, moving across a period to the left and down in a group.

24. The diameter of neutral atoms generally decreases going left to right across one period on the periodic table. What change causes this decrease in diameter of atoms?
  A. The number of outermost electrons decreases.
  B. The number of outermost electrons increases.
  C. The attractive force between the protons and neutrons increases.
  D. The attractive force between the protons and electrons increases.

25. Rubidium is a soft, silvery-white metal that has two common isotopes, 85Rb and 87Rb. If the abundance of 85Rb is 80.2% and the abundance of 87Rb is 19.8%, what is the average atomic mass of rubidium?

26. The size of atoms can be measured using the diffraction of x-rays
The size of atoms can be measured using the diffraction of x-rays. Measurements of atomic size confirm that trends can be identified based on location on the periodic table of the elements. Which group of elements is listed in order of decreasing size?
  A. boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen
  B. fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine
  C. phosphorus, selenium, iodine, radon
  D. sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium

27. For each of the following atomic numbers, use the periodic table to write the element symbol (including the charge) for the simple ion that the element is most likely to form

28. Sodium, Na, is in the same group as
  A. Ne.
  B. Mg.
  C. Ca.
  D. K.

29. Which characteristic is common to MOST metals?
  A. They tend to form covalent bonds with other elements.
  B. They have one, two, or three valence electrons.
  C. They have low melting and boiling points.
  D. They tend to form negative ions.

30. Which BEST explains why sodium, potassium, and lithium react similarly with water?
  A. They have the same boiling point.
  B. They have the same number of neutrons.
  C. They have the same number of energy levels.
  D. They have the same number of valence electrons.

31. Bromine tends to gain one electron in chemical interactions
Bromine tends to gain one electron in chemical interactions. Which BEST describes a region of the periodic table where all elements tend to share this property?
  A. metalloids
  B. nonmetals
  C. group 17 (7B)
  D. group 4 (4B)

32. The majority of the elements found on the periodic table of the elements are
  A. gases.
  B. metals.
  C. liquids.
  D. nonmetals.

33. Elements found on the periodic table are arranged by atomic number and show a periodic pattern of physical and chemical properties. Which is an accurate example of one of these periodic patterns when reading the table from left to right and top to bottom?
  A. The number of valence electrons increases as the atomic number decreases.
  B. The number of protons in the nucleus decreases as the atomic number increases.
  C. The number of valence electrons decreases from the end of one period to the beginning of the next.
  D. The number of protons in the nucleus decreases from the end of one period to the beginning of the next.

34. How many valence electrons does selenium have?

35. What do the atoms in this family of elements have in common?
  A. They have the same number of neutrons.
  B. They have the same number of valence electrons.
  C. They will form ionic bonds with water molecules.
  D. They will form two ionic bonds with members from the alkali metals.

36. Based on their locations in the periodic table, which element has chemical properties MOST similar to those of calcium, Ca?
  A. beryllium, Be
  B. potassium, K
  C. titanium, Ti
  D. yttrium, Y

37. Explain why anions are larger than the neutral atom

38. Carbon and silicon are located in group 14 (4A) on the periodic table
Carbon and silicon are located in group 14 (4A) on the periodic table. How are carbon and silicon different?
  A. Carbon has an atomic mass of 6, and silicon has an atomic mass of 14.
  B. Carbon has 2 shells of electrons, and silicon has 3 shells of electrons.
  C. Carbon has 12 electrons, and silicon has 28 electrons.
  D. Carbon has 14 protons, and silicon has 28 protons.

39. Elements on the right side of the periodic table differ from the elements on the left side in that the elements on the right side
  A. are solid at room temperature.
  B. are good electrical conductors.
  C. generally have very high densities.
  D. tend to form ions by gaining electrons.

40. The electrical charge of the nucleus of an atom is +12
The electrical charge of the nucleus of an atom is +12. How many electrons does the atom have in its neutral state?

41. Which set of elements contains only metals?
  A. iodine, iron, nickel
  B. helium, carbon, gold
  C. sodium, chromium, copper
  D. phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen

42. Draw a Bohr diagram for Rubidium
Draw a Bohr diagram for Rubidium. State the number of valence electrons, the ion formation, and make a statement that connects the two in terms of energy.

43. Draw a Bohr diagram for gallium
Draw a Bohr diagram for gallium. State the number of valence electrons, the ion formation, and make a statement that connects the two in terms of energy.

44. Name
atomic #
mass #
# of protons
# of neutrons
# of electrons
Potassium-37
Oxygen-17
uranium-235
uranium-238
boron-10
boron-11