1. Week 2 Microscopic Anatomy

2. Objective 1: The Compound Light Microscope
Ocular lens
Revolving nosepiece
Objective lenses
Arm
Stage clips
Mechanical stage
Course adjustment knob
Substage light
Fine adjustment knob

3. Can you name the following parts and their function?
Diagram/Self-Test
                                                    
Can you name the following parts and their function?
How about part number: 9 3 5 1

4. Objective 3: Terms Relating to the Light Microscope
Total magnification is calculated by multiplying the magnification of the objective lens by the magnification of the ocular lens TM = (Objective lens) x (Ocular lens)

5. Try these:
The total magnification of this Ə is 40X. The magnification of the ocular lens is 10X.
Which objective lens was used?
The total magnification of this Ə is 400X.
Which objective lens was used?

6. Microscope Care & Handling
          
Always use both hands when transporting the microscope
Clean lenses before and after use
Never use anything but lens paper to clean lenses
When you are finished rotate the nosepiece to the lowest power objective
Position the lens as close to the stage as possible
Make sure you have removed the slide
Return the microscope to it’s proper place

7. Objective 4: Specimen Preparation
There are several ways a specimen can be prepared for light microscopy:
Wholemount the entire structure is mounted on the slide
Section a thin slice of a tissue or organ is placed on a glass slide
Smear most suitable when viewing cell suspensions such as blood, urine, mucus, cyst fluid, etc...
Squash cells are broken by applying pressure to the slide, intracellular contents are liberated,
e.g., chromosomes

8. Objective 2: Specimen Preparation
Whole Mount
Longitudinal Section
Cross Section
Squash
Drop or Smear

9. Whole Mount Preparation

10. What might these little buggers be?
A Smear Preparation
What might these little buggers be?

11. A Squash Preparation
Human Chromosomes

12. Staining
The majority of specimens are stained with a combination of dyes that highlight differences between cellular structure
This is an hematoxylin and eosin stained section of the kidney. The darker blue structures are the nuclei of the cells.

13. Some Common Stains Used in Histology or: You can’t judge a slide by it’s color
Liver: Hematoxylin and eosin
Liver: Iron stain

14. Always remember, structures, organs, and even individual cells can be sectioned in different planes.
Does this sound familiar?

15. Different planes of section through the seminiferous tubules of the testes

16. Objective 5: Structure and Function
Cells come in all different shapes and sizes. Structure and function are intimately related!
Sperm Cells
Skeletal Muscle Cells
Squamous Cells
Adipose Cell

17. Some more examples Goblet cells in trachea Simple squamous epithelium
Astrocytes, cells in the nervous system
Erythrocytes

18. Objective 6: Embryonic Germ Layers
The embryonic germ layers are ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
They will give rise to all the different tissues and organs of the body

19. Section taken from a blastocyst, around the 2nd week of development
Embryonic Germ Layers
Section taken from a blastocyst, around the 2nd week of development