1. Planetary Atmosphere With ALMA
Raphaël Moreno
Observatoire de Paris-Meudon

2. Planetary atmosphere science
Composition : Vertical distribution of species
Search for new species
Thermal structure: P(T)
Dynamics : winds
3D mapping and monitoring: seasonal variations
Constraints on the origin and evolution of planets and the formation of the solar system

3. Observations with ALMA
HIGHLY IMPROVED
Spatial resolution : Mapping of species
Sensitivity : Search for new species
Bandwidth : Large tropospheric lines
Spectral resolution : Narrow stratospheric lines
Line profile / Winds

4. Mapping Planets with ALMA
Apparent diameter:
Planets : 2-60 “
Satellites & Pluto : 0.1-1”
ALMA spatial resolution : “
0.01 “  (3-300 km @ AU)
biggest planets limited to low frequency

5. Planetary and satellites atmospheres (DRSP theme: 4.1 )
Dynamic of Mars and Venus atmosphere
3D water cycle of Mars
Chemistry of the atmosphere of Mars and Venus
Composition and dynamic of giant planet stratosphere
Search for broad line in the troposphere of the giant planets
Chemical-dynamical coupling in Titan’s atmosphere
Volcanism in Io
The atmosphere of Triton, Pluto and other TNO objects

6. Mars - Wind ALMA: CO Doppler lineshift (mm): Strong retrograde wind
GCM: prograde winds
ALMA:
3D-maps of winds and P(T)
 Constrains on the dynamic and thermal structure
IRAM PdB Moreno 1999

7. Mars – water cycle ALMA: Probe H2O near the surface 3D- field of water
mm observations of HDO :
Probe H2O near the surface
ALMA:
3D- field of water
 H2O gas/ice interaction at different seasons
OVRO HDO 226 GHz (Gurwell)

8. Mars – Photochemistry ALMA: H2O2 recently detected mm/IR
3D-maps of H2O2
Search for new species :
HO2, H2CO, NO
JCMT – Clancy etal 2004

9. VENUS ALMA: Atm. : CO2,N2+ traces of H2O, S-bearing species
mm/submm: CO and isotopes,
winds, HDO
ALMA:
Search for : HCL, H2S, SO2
3D-maps of CO, HDO
 Dynamics and thermal structure
H2O spatial distribution
Photochemistry
CO(2-1) Bulh etal 91

10. Giant planets – Troposphere
Composition : H2, He, CH4, H2O, NH3(J,S), PH3(J,S)
mm/submm : PH3(J+S), CO(N)
ALMA:
Search for new species :
PH3 (U,N), CO(U), isotopes
3D-Maps PH3, CO, P(T)
 Planets formation and evolution
JCMT – Weisstein etal 96

11. Giant Planets - Stratosphere
Composition : H2, He, CH4, H2O
mm/submm: CO(J,N), HCN(J,N)
CS(J), H2O
ALMA:
3D-maps of CO, HCN
Search for CO(U), HCN(U),
HDO, Isotopes
 Origin of external water
JCMT- Marten etal 04

12. Titan ALMA: Dense and cold : N2/CH4 mm/submm : CO and HCN
isotopes, HC3N, CH3CN, winds
ALMA:
Search for more complex species
3D-Maps of nitriles
Dynamics/photochemistry coupling
Complement observations to CASSINI 
IRAM-PdB Moreno 03

13. Io ALMA: Tenuous SO2 atmosphere mm/submm: SO, SO2 and NaCl
Search for new species (OCS, S2O, KCL)
3D-Maps detected species
Atmosphere origin : Volcanism/sublimation
IRAM-30m Lellouch 03

14. Pluton-Triton ALMA: Tenuous N2 atmosphere mm/submm: CO upper limits
Search for CO
 Atmospheric Temperature
Pluton-Charon
HST- separation 0.9”