1. Ramadhan
Introduction

2. Ramadhan Introduction
In Islam, a sacred month of fasting
The first revelation of the Quran
is commemorated in this month
9th month of the Muslim year
Because of the purely lunar calendar,
it falls in different seasons

3. Ramadhan Introduction
Month for devotion and acts of atonement
Fasting during the daylight hours of Ramadhan
Indulgence of any sort is forbidden during the fast
Increased praying and charity encouraged

4. Ramadhan Introduction
Ramadhan fast, one of the Five Pillars of Islam
End of fasting celebrated as one of the
important religious holidays of Islam, Eid ul Fitr.

5. Ramadhan
Fasting

6. Hadith Muslim
Hadith Qudsi
I swear by the One in Whose Hand is the soul of Muhammad, the breath of the faster is sweeter to Allah on the Day of Judgment than the scent of musk.

7. Ramadhan The Principle
The principle behind Saum
is to understand the plight of the poor and needy
pledge to live a more significant and meaningful life

8. Hadith
Prophet Mohammedsaw said
"if a person observing fast does not shun untruth, his having given up eating and drinking is of little value. Such a person starves for nothing. And those who rise in the midnight to recite prayers but do not give up untruth and evil deeds, lose their sleep for nothing”

9. Ramadhan The Fast For thirty days
abstain from food, drink, evil thoughts and sensual indulgences
from shortly before sunrise to shortly after sunset
due reward for fasting
one who takes this obligation lightly is a sinner

10. Ramadhan The Niyyat Intent of fasting
could be verbal and in any language
preferable to make Niyyat during night
i.e. prior to Subah Sadiq
without Niyyat, Saum is mere starvation
(time limit for validity of Niyyat for Saum is before the time of Nisfun-Nahar i.e. midday in terms of the Shariah)

11. Ramadhan Meals Special meals of the Saum :
Suhoor before the Fajr prayers
Iftar evening meal
often eaten communally
often including dates

12. Quran Surah al Baqarah: 187
فَالآنَ بَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَابْتَغُواْ مَا كَتَبَ اللّهُ لَكُمْ وَكُلُواْ وَاشْرَبُواْ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الأَسْوَدِ
“...And now associate with them and seek what Allah has ordained for you and eat and drink until the white thread of dawn appears to you distinct from its black thread.”

13. Hadith Ahmed The Messenger of Allahsaw said :
"Sahuur is a blessed meal, do not neglect it even if it is a mouthful of drink. For Allah and the Angels bless those who observe it." 

14. Ramadhan A Special act
Of all the pillars of Islam, none is more special than siyaam/ fasting
no possibility of Riya or show in fasting
only Allah knows the one really abstaining
fasting is considered a special worship

15. Ramadhan Benefits Why fast? to develop patience and self-control
to learn sympathy for the deprived
to cleanse the body and mind

16. Ramadhan Benefits Why fast? to gain appreciation for Allah's bounty
to demonstrate the depth of one's commitment
to protect against sin.

17. Ramadhan Hadith The Holy Prophetsaw said :
"Satan runs in the circulatory system of the son of Adam in the same way blood circulates in our system; so tighten his passages with hunger“
Bukhari and Muslim

18. Ramadhan The 3 Grades of Fasting
Ordinary Fasting
abstaining from food, drink and sexual satisfaction
Special Fasting
abstinence and keeping ears, eyes, tongue, hands and feet and allorgans free from sin

19. Ramadhan The 3 Grades of Fasting
Extra-special Fasting
abstinence & total disregard of everything but Allah
- this kind of Fast broken by thinking of worldly
matters
- consists of utmost dedication to Allah
To this third degree belongs fasting of Prophets, the awliya and intimates of Allah

20. Ramadhan Hadith Qudsi (Muslim)
"All services of the son of Adam are for him except fasting. It is for Me, and I will reward him for it. Fasting is a shield. On the day you fast, do not use obscenity, nor yell at others, nor act ignorantly towards them. However, if anyone abuses you verbally or attempts to draw you to fight with him, say 'I am fasting' two times. The Prophet (saas) then states: I swore by the One (Allah) in Whose Hand is the soul of Muhammad, the breath of the faster is sweeter to Allah on the Day of Judgment than the scent of musk. The faster experiences enjoyment twice: he is pleased when he breaks his fast, and he is pleased when he meets his Maker"
(Muslim)

21. Ramadhan Fasting Fasting is a shield
protects believer from sin (ma'asi)
eating increases blood flow and energy levels
making easier for Satan to use ones own energy level to tempt to commit sins

22. Ramadhan A test The fast is the single most important device to test
the Iman
the depth of sincerity
commitment to the concept of Tauheed

23. The Messenger of Allahsaw has been reported as saying:
Hadith Tirmidhi
The Messenger of Allahsaw has been reported as saying:
"There are three categories of people whose supplications will not be rejected:
- the person who observes the fast until he breaks it,
- a just ruler,
- and a person who has been oppressed."

24. Ramadhan Sunnahs of Fasting
6 duties in fasting known as Sunnahs
- Sehri or predawn meals  Iftar immediately after sunset  Tarawih Salaat at night  Feed the poor and hungry  Increased reading of the Holy Quran  I’tikaaf during the last ten days of Ramadhan

25. Ramadhan Mustahabs of Fasting
To partake of Sehri
To delay the Sehri upto a little Subha Sadiq
  To break one's fast immediately after sunset
  To break one's fast with dates and water
To make Niyyat at night

26. Hadith Bukhari, Fath ul Baari No.1933
"If he forgets (about the fast) and eats or drinks absent-mindedly, then he should continue his fast, because it was Allah who fed him."
In another narration, "and there is no day owed nor expiation required."

27. Ramadhan Makroohat of Fasting
To chew gum, rubber, plastic items etc
  To taste food/drink and spit it out
(If husband very ill-tempered, permissible for wife to taste food without swallow it)
  Collecting saliva in the mouth and swallowing it to quench thirst 
Delay a bath that has become FARZ knowingly until after Subha Sadiq 

28. Ramadhan Makroohat of Fasting
Using paste/tooth powder. (Miswaak permitted)
Complain of hunger and thirst
  Taking water too much up the nostrils (when cleaning the nose)
  To gargle more than necessary
  To quarrel, argue, use filthy or indecent words
  To backbite, tell a lie and swear etc. are sinful acts

29. Ramadhan Regarding Children
The normal rule
After age 7 : order child to observe Saum
No Qadha if child breaks the fast
By age 10 : compel child to fast in Ramadhan

30. Ramadhan Qaza saum Compensate unobserved fasts are Wajib
without needless delay
make Niyyat at night i.e. before Subah Sadiq
omission due to Haidh/Nifaas must be made up
Qadha saum need not be consecutive
Fidyah wajib if Qaza saum not posiible

31. Ramadhan Kaffarah
Penalty for deliberate nullification of Sawm of Ramadhan
fasting 60 consecutive days
those unable to fast can
feed 60 needy 2 meals a day
or pay the amount in cash (Sadaqah Fitr)
or give 2kgs flour per poor