1. Dokumentasi Perubahan Proses: Pengantar BPM
IK305 Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi
Suryo Widiantoro, ST, MMSI, M.Com(IS)

2. Capaian Pembelajaran Materi Perkuliahan
Mahasiswa mampu membuat dokumentasi perubahan proses menggunakan BPM

3. Topik Bahasan
Pengantar BPM

4. Pengantar BPM

5. The main elements of a process map are:
receive event,
send event, and
process link.

6. Process Modeling
BPM concerns converting the processes of an organization into graphic representations so they can be designed, improved, or innovated.
Making these models is typically the job of the business analyst.
Although BPM can be used to describe process change that does not require ICT, we will focus on BPM that uses ICT.
Our main goal is the search for alignment between organizational strategy and the use of organizational ICT resources committed to process change projects.

7. Business process modeling notation (BPMN) is introduced as a way to document business process recommendations.
Using BPMN has the following advantages:
Formalizes the existing processes. BPM can be used to document existing processes so they can be easily understood.
Improves existing processes. As we look at BPMN, we will examine taking an as-is process and analyzing it so it can be optimized into a to-be process.

8. Facilitates the automation of manual processes
Facilitates the automation of manual processes. When manual processes are modeled, often the model will show areas that can be automated.
Keeps human talent to solve hard problems. When manual processes are automated or the processes are made more efficient in some other way, human talent can focus on managing problems that cannot be easily handled by business rules implemented in software.
Creates efficient process flows. BPM allows the analyst to spot places within a process where tasks, information, and/or messages do not flow efficiently.

9. Increases productivity in existing processes
Increases productivity in existing processes. When a process is modeled, often the business analyst will determine places where human productivity can be increased and automated processes can be optimized.
Simplifies government and regulatory compliance. When processes are modeled, and government regulations are overlaid on the modeled processes, places where compliance may best be implemented can often be seen.

10. BPMN is a set of specifications that standardize graphical symbols and rules used to diagram business processes.
BPMN is based on flowcharting techniques and is similar to activity diagrams in unified modeling language (UML).
BPMN creates a bridge between the stakeholders, including the business analyst and the systems analyst, and the technical and business users. This bridge is created through shared language and understanding of BPM.
BPMN is meant for the user to understand how information moves through an organization without regard to specific technical constraints of ICT infrastructure.

11. Business process models are created for various reasons.
When the business analyst wants to understand current business processes, identify bottlenecks, or introduce operational efficiencies, creating business process models is a good place to start.
The model gives the analyst a good way to document his or her understanding of a business process, convey that understanding to the user and technical staff, and validate business processes through a shared language like BPMN.

12. A key element of BPMN is the choice of shapes and icons used for the graphic elements identified in this specification.
The intent is to create a standard visual language that all process modelers will recognize and understand.
The notation also provides a common set of graphic objects, connectors, and process flows readily understood by users, managers, and those making resource allocation decisions.

13. BPMN and Process Type
BPMN is used to communicate how business processes work or how they should be changed.
The purpose of BPMN is to create a shared understanding and language so that a large number of audiences can communicate about business processes.
Three basic types of process models are found within BPMN:
Private (internal) business processes,
Abstract (public) processes,
Collaboration (global) processes.

14. Private (internal) business processes
Private (internal) business processes. These processes are internal to a specific organization and are the types of processes normally referred to as work flow or BPM processes.

15. Abstract (public) processes
Abstract (public) processes. These processes provide a higherlevel view of private business processes; it shows those activities that communicate outside private business processes.

16. Collaboration (global) processes
Collaboration (global) processes. These processes show the interactions among business processes of different organizations.

17. BPM Terms
Several terms will help with understanding business process models:
Process definition is also referred to as the problem statement. This statement gives the details of the process in text.
Process instance is one occurrence of the process. For example, if 10 customers are purchasing tickets at TSI kiosks simultaneously, then there would be 10 instances of the purchase tickets process.
Task or activity is one step in the process.
Automated task is a specific activity automated by some type of system or technology.
Manual task is performed by human participants.

18. Participants
Diagrams made using BPMN must take the point of view of the participant into account.
Each person viewing a process will see it from his or her own vantage point, meaning that processes over which a person has direct control will be seen as internal, and processes under someone else’s control will be seen as external.
This consideration is important when you are eliminating errors from processes, because you need to know who the process owners are (i.e., those who see the process as internal).

19. Elements
Business process models use a core group of graphic elements. These core elements are designed to be simple yet able to describe the complexity of business processes.
There are four types of core elements:
Swim lanes. Groupings of primary elements into pools and lanes.
Flow objects. The main graphic elements that define the behavior of the business process: events, activities, and gateways.
Connecting objects. Sequence flow, message flow, and association.
Artifacts. Symbols that provide additional information about other objects: data objects, groups, and annotation in BPMN specifications.

24. Basic Building Blocks
Four basic building blocks are used when creating business process models:
sequence of steps,
conditions,
loops, and
parallel activities.

26. Compensation Activities
Of special note are compensation activities.
These are processes that make up, somehow, for another process.

28. A Diagramming Example
The patient and doctor example given previously will be used to show how BPMN can be used to build a simple collaborative business process model.
The activities of the pharmacist will be added to the model.

29. First, let’s start by describing the activities:
The three participants in this business process model are the patient, the doctor, and the pharmacist.
The patient initiates this process by contracting an illness and then contacts the doctor’s office for an appointment.
The doctor’s office gives an appointment, and the patient arrives at the appointed time.
The patient meets with the doctor and discusses any symptoms.
The doctor diagnoses the patient and determines whether medication is needed.
If medication is needed, the doctor gives the patient a prescription; if medication is not needed, the patient is sent home to get better.
If the patient receives a prescription, the patient goes to the pharmacy and gets medicine. The patient then takes the medication in order to get better.
The end point in all of the processes is for the patient to get well.

30. Using BPMN notation, the model would be constructed as follows:

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