Building a Republic 1783-1815 Unit III.

Building a Republic Unit III

Finish Test/Fear of tyranny A trip through the AOC
Essential Question: How did the founders develop the concept of government through revolutionary experience, the Enlightenment, and compromise? Students can: Decipher why the founders constructed a decentralized government during the Revolution Evaluate why a decentralized government failed to govern America during the critical period AGENDA Finish Test/Fear of tyranny A trip through the AOC There can only be ONE Homework: Read a short history of the Articles of Confederation (American I website) Reading response quiz Tuesday

Tyrannical FEAR Explain TWO reasons why the founders formed a weak decentralized government (power to the states) as the nation’s first government. Support with historic facts (vocabulary terms)

Ben Franklin’s 1754 cartoon applies to America in 1781-1789
Critical Period America at a crossroads as a new nation American Revolutionary War DEBT: $77 Million America divided as a nation: Articles of Confederation a weak decentralize government Loyalty was given to state governments (closure to the people – fear of tyranny) Ben Franklin’s 1754 cartoon applies to America in

Analysis of the Articles of Confederation
Articles of Confederation Analysis Explain the main idea of the four paragraphs your group analyzes Three important ideas from your sections How did your ideas support restricting national government power

Survivor Island Challenge
The BIG FIVE Identify the five major reasons the Articles of Confederation failed to provide a social contract which could govern America

Essential Question: How did the founders develop the concept of government through revolutionary experience, the Enlightenment, and compromise? Students can: Decipher why the founders constructed a decentralized government during the Revolution Evaluate why a decentralized government failed to govern America during the critical period AGENDA Rise of the Shaysites A trip through the AOC AOC, Yeah you know me! Homework: No Homework

Warning signs Revolutionary War Debt - $77 Million
Shays Rebellion : response to Massachusetts over taxing farmers in the western part of the state (lead by former Revolutionary war vet.) Confederation Congress can’t help No Standing Military No funds to raise one (No Taxation)

Warning Signs That there are important defects in the system of the Federal Government is acknowledged by the Acts of all those States, which have concurred in the present Meeting; That the defects, upon a closer examination, may be found greater and more numerous, than even these acts imply, is at least so far probably, from the embarrassments which characterize the present State of our national affairs, foreign and domestic, as may reasonably be supposed to merit a deliberate and candid discussion, in some mode, which will unite the Sentiments and Councils of all the States. - Letter form the Annapolis Convention 1786 Annapolis Convention 1786: called to deal with issues of interstate commerce Called for a Constitutional Convention to repair the defects of the Articles of Confederation

Decentralized Government Weaknesses
Economic disorganization: Can’t regulate trade Can’t tax No standard form of currency Lack of centralized leadership: No judiciary No head of state Can’t deal with external or internal threats Legislative Inefficiencies: Each state has ONE vote 9 out of 13 states needed to pass a law Unanimous vote to amend

A Convention of Constitutional Design AOC, Yeah you know me! Homework:
Essential Question: How did the founders develop the concept of government through revolutionary experience, the Enlightenment, and compromise? Students can: Decipher why the founders constructed a decentralized government during the Revolution Evaluate why a decentralized government failed to govern America during the critical period AGENDA A trip through the AOC A Convention of Constitutional Design AOC, Yeah you know me! Homework: Read The Major Debates at the Constitutional Convention (American I Link) Identify and explain major issues & compromises of the Constitutional Convention

Achievements under the AOC
Organizing New Territory for Statehood Land Ordinance 1784: The west organize into 10 States Land Ordinance 1785: Established a system for sales and settlement Northwest Land Ordinance 1787 How territories become states Rights of territories NO SLAVERY allowed

Constitutional Convention
Goal: repair the Articles of Confederation 12 of 13 states met (RI refused – illegal) 55 delegates Constitutional Convention Rules Washington elected President of the Convention Adopted a rule of secrecy

Issues of Constitutional Repairs
What were two major issues that a new Constitution has to address? Why was is American independence still an important factor in the creation of a new Constitution

Read - Jefferson’s Opinion of the Constitution: summarize his opinions
Essential Question: How did the founders develop the concept of government through revolutionary experience, the Enlightenment, and compromise? Students can: Decipher why the founders constructed a decentralized government during the Revolution Evaluate why a decentralized government failed to govern America during the critical period AGENDA We’re NO Angels Compromise is Key Critical issues of the Convention Homework: Read - Jefferson’s Opinion of the Constitution: summarize his opinions

Madison’s Thoughts If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself. A dependence on the people is, no doubt, the primary control on the government; but experience has taught mankind the necessity of auxiliary precautions. - James Madison, Federalist 51, 1788

Factors of the Convention
Only wealthy, white, males were delegates George Washington preside over the Convention – model for the presidency James Madison – Father of the Constitution: wrote most of the document & kept extensive notes on the debates & proceedings of the convention Slavery – sacrificed for the Constitution (a major factor for the future)

Plans of Government Virginia Plan NJ Plan
Bicameral legislature Representation by population Add a judiciary and executive Branch The legislature could regulate interstate trade, strike down laws deemed unconstitutional and use armed forces to enforce laws. Unicameral legislature Equal representation Add a judiciary and executive branch of government The national government could levy taxes and import duties, regulate trade, and state laws would be subordinate to laws passed by the national legislature. Separation of powers: Enlightenment idea from Baron von Montesquieu

Critical issues of the Convention Constitutional Scavenger Hunt
Essential Question: How did the founders develop the concept of government through revolutionary experience, the Enlightenment, and compromise? Students can: Evaluate how the founder’s formed a government that allowed it to govern without becoming tyrannical Determine how the ratification debate demonstrated the founders’ view on good government AGENDA Compromise is Key Critical issues of the Convention Constitutional Scavenger Hunt Homework: Finish the Constitutional Scavenger Hunt

Compromise Built the Constitution
Issue: Compromise: Issue: Compromise: Constitutional Compromises Issue: Should slavery count for representation Compromise: 3/5th Compromise: 5 slaves = 3 free people for representation & taxation Issue: Compromise: Issue: Compromise:

Motives of the Framers of the Constitution
Compromise was an important step in developing the Constitution, but the founders were actually trying to balance other interest as well. Questions Why did the founders choose to create a republic (representative democracy) to govern the nation? Why was representation done differently in each house, beside it was a compromise agreement? Why have a second election for the President of the United States? (Here again beside a compromise) Why form a bicameral (2 house) legislature to create laws? Why did the 3/5th compromise create a potential problem for the nation in the future? (Hint – what is a slave and why is that a question under the 3/5th compromise)

Bicameral Legislature
Republicanism The Great Compromise Bicameral Legislature Checks & Balances Separation of Powers Block the Tyranny of the Mob House of Representatives Representation by population Reapportionment: every 10 years seats are reapportion based on census Only directly elected body of government Senate Equal representation (2 per state) Higher house 6 year terms More special assigned powers Staggered terms

A Government of Compromise
Issues: representation, sectionalism, trade, & voting – distrust of the masses 3/5th Compromise: 5 slaves = 3 free people for representation & taxation Commerce compromise: Congress regulates interstate and foreign commerce, but cannot tax exports or touch slavery for 30 years Electoral College Compromise: Electoral College elects the president (indirect election)

Issues of Constitutional Compromise
What are the major issues that the Constitutional compromise resolved? 1. Representation 2. Sectional differences – differences between North & South 3. Trade & commerce 4. Selection of the President (distrust of the people)

Madisonian Model of Government
“But the most common and durable source of factions has been the various and unequal distribution of property. Those who hold and those who are without property have ever formed distinct interests in society.” - James Madison, Federalist 10 Madison Model of Government Checks & Balances – Prevent government from abusing power Separation of Powers – To empower government to govern while preventing tyranny Prevent the Tyranny of the Mob – to insure government doesn’t deny the rights of the minority

Contrasting views of the Constitution
Essential Question: How did the founders develop the concept of government through revolutionary experience, the Enlightenment, and compromise? Students can: Evaluate how the founder’s formed a government that allowed it to govern without becoming tyrannical Determine how the ratification debate demonstrated the founders’ view on good government AGENDA Contrasting governments The Principle of Government Federalism Conflict Homework: Contrasting views of the Constitution

AOC v. U.S. Constitution Articles of Confederation U.S. Constitution
Levy Taxes Federal Courts Regulation of Trade Executive Amending Representation of States Raising an Army Interstate Commerce Disputes between states Enforcement of law

AOC v. U.S. Constitution Articles of Confederation U.S. Constitution
Levy Taxes Can ask for donations from the states Can tax Federal Courts No federal courts/many state courts Supreme Court Regulation of Trade Federal gov. can’t regulate trade Congress can regulate trade Executive There is NO chief executive President Amending All 13 had ratify Amendment process less difficult Representation of States Equal representation Bicmeral legislature HOR by population Senate by equal rep. Raising an Army Only during war time with state help Standing military Interstate Commerce Can’t regulate trade Interstate & foreign commerce Disputes between states State courts settled (problem) Federal court Enforcement of law Can’t enforce laws Can enforce federal law

Foundation of the Constitution
Popular Sovereignty Individual Rights Republicanism Federalism Separation of Powers Limited Government Checks & Balances

Principles of the Constitution
Federalism- dividing power between the federal gov’t & the states Separation of Powers- each branch has different jobs Checks and Balances- so no one branch gets too much power Limited Government- gov’t cannot take away rights, politicians also have to abide by the law Popular Sovereignty – voting, “We the people”

Federalism Concurrent Powers

The Powers of the Federal Government
Enumerated/expressed Powers – powers of the federal gov’t Concurrent Powers – Held by both Federal and State Governments Reserved Powers – Powers kept by the states Implied Powers – Powers not specifically stated, but justified by “necessary and proper” clause/elastic clause

Checks and Balances

Constitutional Principles Divided Views Over the Constitution
Essential Question: How did the founders develop the concept of government through revolutionary experience, the Enlightenment, and compromise? Students can: Evaluate how the founder’s formed a government that allowed it to govern without becoming tyrannical Determine how the ratification debate demonstrated the founders’ view on good government AGENDA Constitutional Principles Divided Views Over the Constitution Ratification Debate Homework: Finish Federalist/Anti-Federalist Papers

Principles of the Constitution
Identify the Constitutional principle President can veto a law, but Congress can override his veto, and the Supreme Court can use judicial review to declare a law unconstitutional Federal government can print money, maintain a standing military, and regulate interstate commerce, but states can maintain a public schools, and grant marriage licenses Congress CANNOT suspend writ of habeas corpus, or pass bills of attainder or ex post facto laws The president enforces the law, Congress makes laws, and the Supreme Court can interpret laws The Bill of Rights protects free speech, right to an attorney, and requires due process of law to prosecute criminals The 17th Amendment allowed the people to elect Senators, while the House of Representatives has always been elected by the people

Ratification Debate Federalists
Anti-federalist Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, & John Jay Argued: For the ratification of the Constitution Stronger central government Against the Bill of Rights Robert Yates, Patrick Henry, & Melancton Smith Argued: Against the ratification of the Constitution For stronger state governments Wanted a Bill of Rights

Gerry vs. Jay Partner with another person who has the same argument
Discuss the main idea and support facts of the reading Reach consensus over the argument made by Founding Father Form a group of four (2 Jays & 2 Gerrys) Discuss why some wanted the Constitution and some did not desire this form of government Share the reasons for each side

Ratification Rift Assignment: Debating whether we should sign or reject the Constitution Step 1: Analyze the excerpts from the Federalists and Anti-federalists papers Step 2: Fill out the debate planner for our class discussion on Tuesday, 12/5/17 Reminder: use terms – checks and balances, separation of powers, executive, etc. . . Develop questions that start with the words how and why to force the opposing side to explain

Divided Views Over the Constitution A summary of the views Homework:
Essential Question: How did the founders develop the concept of government through revolutionary experience, the Enlightenment, and compromise? Students can: Evaluate how the founder’s formed a government that allowed it to govern without becoming tyrannical Determine how the ratification debate demonstrated the founders’ view on good government AGENDA Who said it? Divided Views Over the Constitution A summary of the views Homework: Prep for Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists debate

Debate over the Constitution
The president serves a 4 year term and can be removed for office through the impeachment process. In addition, Congress and the Judiciary are given powers which allow them to balance and check the President’s actions. Thus, the President will not be like a monarch In a small republic such as the individual states, one group can dominate government and take action to benefit only that group. In a large extended republic it will be difficult for one group to control, and thus the public good will be better protected. A judiciary, chosen for life, with undefined power, will be a serious threat to the liberty of the people. The national government is limited to only those powers granted to it. All powers not delegated to it remain in the hands of the individual states.

Divided Views Over the Constitution A summary of the views Homework:
Essential Question: How did the founders develop the concept of government through revolutionary experience, the Enlightenment, and compromise? Students can: Evaluate how the founder’s formed a government that allowed it to govern without becoming tyrannical Determine how the ratification debate demonstrated the founders’ view on good government AGENDA Centinel Statement Divided Views Over the Constitution A summary of the views Homework: Prep for Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists debate

Ratification Argument
The wealthy and ambitious, who in every community think they have a right to lord it over their fellow creatures, have availed themselves, very successfully, of this favorable disposition; for the people thus unsettled in their sentiments, have been prepared to accede to any extreme of government; all the distresses and difficulties they experience, proceeding from various causes, have been ascribed to the impotency of the present confederation, and thence they have been led to expect full relief from the adoption of the proposed system of government, and in the other event, immediately ruin and annihilation as a nation. These characters flatter themselves that they have lulled all distrust and jealousy of their new plan, by gaining the concurrence of the two men in whom America has the highest confidence, and now triumphantly exult in the completion of their long meditated schemes of power and aggrandisement. I would be very far from insinuating that the two illustrious personages alluded to, have not the welfare of their country at heart, but that the unsuspecting goodness and zeal of the one, has been imposed on, in a subject of which he must be necessarily inexperienced, from his other arduous engagements; and that the weakness and indecision attendant on old age, has been practiced on in the other. - Centinel I, October 5, 1787

Fed v. Anti-Federalists
City dwellers Merchants Anti-Federalists Agrarian society Yeoman farmers

Two Views of Ratification
Federalists Anti-Federalists What do they support? Why do the believe the Constitution will prevent tyranny? (Give multiple reasons) What do they support? Why do the believe the Constitution will does NOT prevent tyranny? (Give multiple reasons) Things to consider: The power & position of the Presidency The power of taxation Standing military Shays’ Rebllion Federalism Lack of a Bill of Rights

Civil liberties protect under the Bill of Rights Ruling of the Court
Essential Question: How did the founders develop the concept of government through revolutionary experience, the Enlightenment, and compromise? Students can: Evaluate how the founder’s formed a government that allowed it to govern without becoming tyrannical Determine how the ratification debate demonstrated the founders’ view on good government AGENDA Ratification Speaks Civil liberties protect under the Bill of Rights Ruling of the Court Homework: James Madison RAPS due Monday (Pick an article and bring to class tomorrow)

Bill of Rights Compromise
Madison deals the Constitution for the Bill of Rights in New York & Virginia

B.O.R. Summary Religion, press, petition, speech, assembly
Right to bear arms No quartering of soldiers Protects from unreasonable searches and seizures Double jeopardy, grand jury, self-incrimination, eminent domain Speedy trial, question witnesses, attorney, nature of the crime Right to a jury in a civil case No cruel and unusual punishment, no excessive bail People have rights not listed in the Constitution Powers retained by the states

Bill of Rights Scenarios
Read each scenarios: Select the Amendment and the right that applies to the scenario Make a ruling in the case

George Washington: Our First President – 1788

Politically Savvy Washington Federalists’ Era Review Johnny Q’s Rating
Essential Question: How did enact in the powers of government granted under the U.S. Constitution to establish stability in America after the critical period? Students can: Evaluate how the Washington presidency set precedents for future leaders of the nation Determine how the Constitution empowered and restrained the actions of the federal government AGENDA Politically Savvy Washington Federalists’ Era Review Johnny Q’s Rating Homework: Domestic Affairs Reading

The Threats to a New Nation
Issues Washington faces Advantages Vague Constitution Debt - $54 Million Agriculture based economy Weak army & No Navy USA = No Respect British in America Mississippi closed Strong leadership (Washington) Few rules on how to govern All Hail, Cincinnatus

Washington Shapes the Federal Government
John Adams elected Vice President Washington Precedent #1 – Establishes the Cabinet Advisors to assist the President Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton Secretary of War Henry Knox

Clarifying the Judicial Branch
Judiciary Act of 1789 Creates the Chief Justice: John Jay Adds the Justice Department to the Cabinet (Attorney General – Edmund Randolph) Establishes lower federal courts Supreme Court 3 Federal Circuit Courts 13 Federal District Courts John Jay Edmund Randolph

Protection of Civil Liberties
Bill of Rights Ratified 1791 (Anti-federalists influence) Government is instituted to protect property of every sort; as well that which lies in the various rights of individuals, as that which the term particularly expresses. This being the end of government, that alone is a just government which impartially secures to every man whatever is his own.

Recalling the ratification debate Washington’s Domestic Laundry
Essential Question: How did enact in the powers of government granted under the U.S. Constitution to establish stability in America after the critical period? Students can: Evaluate how the Washington presidency set precedents for future leaders of the nation Determine how the Constitution empowered and restrained the actions of the federal government AGENDA Recalling the ratification debate Washington’s Domestic Laundry Factionalism in America Homework: Finish Domestic Affairs Evaluation of Washington

Ratification Recall Federalists Anti-federalists
Taxing Americans to pay war debts Putting down rebellion with military Interpreting the Constitution for implied powers Two term presidency Establishing lower federal courts Amending the Constitution

Hamilton vs. Jefferson Thomas Jefferson Alexander Hamilton
Hamilton’s dream of national greatness depended on the United States developing a strong economy. In 1790, the nation’s economy was still based mainly on agriculture. Hamilton wanted to expand the economy and increase the nation’s wealth by using the power of the federal government to promote business, manufacturing, and trade. In 1790, Hamilton presented Congress with a plan to pay off all war debts as quickly as possible. If the debts were not promptly paid, he warned, the government would lose respect both at home and abroad. Hamilton’s plan for repaying the debts was opposed by many Americans, especially in the South. Most southern states had already paid their war debts. They saw little reason to help states in the North pay off what they still owed. Like most Americans in the 1790s, Jefferson was a country man. He believed that the nation’s future lay not with Federalist bankers and merchants, but with plain, Democratic-Republican farm folk. “Those who labor in the earth,” he wrote, “are the chose people of God, if ever He had a chosen people.” Democratic-Republicans favored an economy based on agriculture. They opposed any measures designed to encourage the growth of business and manufacturing.

Hamilton Debt Re-Finance Plan

Issues with Debt Finance Plan
Assumption Plan: Southern states had repaid their debts (tax twice) National Bank (loose constructionism – implied powers under the Elastic Clause of Article I of the Constitution) Excise tax on Whiskey Hamilton-Jefferson Compromise – Washington DC the Capital of the U.S. Leads to the creation of the Democrat-Republicans by Jefferson & Madison (strict constructionist) Whiskey Rebellion: Washington use the military to put down (mobocracy)

Factions in America By a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adversed to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community. What has caused the creation of factions in America during Washington’s presidency? Why has this caused the founders to take sides as James Madison predicted would happen?

Washington’s foreign affairs Stabilizing America Divisive politics
Essential Question: How did enact in the powers of government granted under the U.S. Constitution to establish stability in America after the critical period? Students can: Evaluate how the Washington presidency set precedents for future leaders of the nation Determine how the Constitution empowered and restrained the actions of the federal government AGENDA Washington’s foreign affairs Stabilizing America Divisive politics Homework: Finish Federalist and Antifederalist sides

Washington Speaks to Foreign Affairs
Therefore thought fit by these presents to declare the disposition of the United States to observe the conduct aforesaid towards those Powers respectfully; and to exhort and warn the citizens of the United States carefully to avoid all acts and proceedings whatsoever, which may in any manner tend to contravene such disposition. - Proclamation Neutrality, 1793 Why did George Washington believe it is correct for the United States to avoid alliances?

Pinckney’s Treaty -1795 Spain cut off Miss. River at New Orleans
Spain offered to negotiate with US, Washington sent Thomas Pinckney Result: US had the right to navigate the Miss. River and use the port of New Orleans and Spain gets northern boundary of Florida

French Revolution French Revolution lead to division in America
England and France at War Impressment: Kidnapping American sailors Citizen Genet Affair: recruitment by France of Americans (Washington throws him out of the country) Federalist: Out of control mobocracy Democrat Republicans: Revolution is great Washington’s 2nd precedent – Proclamation of Neutrality 1793 (refusal to form alliances with other countries)

Jays Treaty Issue: England use of impressment of American sailors
England pays for past impressment England removes soldiers from American frontier America pays pre war debts American agrees to trade with England Jeffersonian Democrat-Republicans enraged over treaty

For each of the following determine how the two parties would view it
Federalists and Anti-federalists (Democrat-Republicans) review of Washington For each of the following determine how the two parties would view it Washington Policies Federalists Anti-federalist (Democrat-Republicans) Creation of the National Bank Ratification of the Bill of Rights Assumption Plan Jay’s Treaty Excise Tax Whiskey Rebellion Citizen Genet Affair Proclamation of Neutrality French Revolution Judiciary Act of 1789

So Long and Thank You for the Naming the Capital after Me
Essential Question: How did enact in the powers of government granted under the U.S. Constitution to establish stability in America after the critical period? Students can: Evaluate how the Washington presidency set precedents for future leaders of the nation Determine how the Constitution empowered and restrained the actions of the federal government AGENDA Entangling Alliances So Long and Thank You for the Naming the Capital after Me Three Pertinent Warnings Homework: Washington Warns US Quiz on Washington’s Presidency, Tuesday 12/19

Entangling Alliances Israel Palestine Conflict
The United States has attempted to broker a peace deal to allow these two nations share the same holy ground.

Washington’s Farewell
After two terms as President or the United States Washington says good bye to public life 3rd precedent: Two Term Presidency Washington Farewell Address Advice for the future of the United States Important warnings for America

Washington’s Mark on Government Following Cincinnatus
Essential Question: How did enact in the powers of government granted under the U.S. Constitution to establish stability in America after the critical period? Students can: Evaluate how the Washington presidency set precedents for future leaders of the nation Determine how the Constitution empowered and restrained the actions of the federal government AGENDA Washington’s Mark on Government Following Cincinnatus The Paris Monster Homework: Washington Warns US Quiz on Washington’s Presidency, Tuesday 12/19

America, You Better Listen Up!
Warnings for America America, You Better Listen Up! Washington gave four important warnings in his farewell address to America. Identify two important warnings Washington told America to follow Identify three precedents established set by the nation’s first President

Following Cincinnatus
John Adams elected the nation’s 2nd president in 1796

Growth of the two Party System
1796 John Adams elected President (Thomas Jefferson Vice President – Democrat-Republican) Alexander Hamilton – leader of the Federalist Party Party Division (Sectional Economy) Industrial north (Federalist) Agrarian south (Democrat-Republicans

Foreign Affairs Jay’s Treaty damages America’s relationship with France France begins to use impressment to stop American trade X, Y, Z Affair: France demands a bribe for dealing with impressment “millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute” Quasi War

Study for Quiz on Washington & the Constitution
Essential Question: How did enact in the powers of government granted under the U.S. Constitution to establish stability in America after the critical period? Students can: Determine why the Democrat-Republicans came to power in the election of 1800 Determine how the Constitution empowered and restrained the actions of the federal government AGENDA The Paris Monster Limiting the People The Revolution of 1800 Homework: Study for Quiz on Washington & the Constitution Quiz on Washington’s Presidency, Tuesday 12/19

The Paris Monster Analyze “The Paris Monster” using APPARTS
The Gallatin Prime Minster Talleyrand Cease bawling, monster! We will not give you a six pence! Analyze “The Paris Monster” using APPARTS

Limits 1st Amendment free speech & press
Adam’s Mistake Requires a longer naturalization process and easies protections for immigrants (Democrat-Republican supporters) SEC. 1 Be it enacted . . .That it shall be lawful for the President of the United States at any time during the continuance of this act, to order all such aliens as he shall judge dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States, or shall have reasonable grounds to suspect are concerned in any treasonable or secret machinations against the government thereof to depart out of the territory of the United States … Alien Act 1798 Limits 1st Amendment free speech & press SEC. 2. That if any person shall write, print, utter. Or publish, or shall cause or procure to be written, printed, uttered or published, or shall knowingly and willingly assist or aid in writing, printing, uttering or publishing any false, scandalous and malicious writing or writings against the government of the United States, or either house of the Congress of the United States, or the President of the United States, with intent to defame the said government, or to excite against them, or either or any of them, the hatred of the good people of the United States, to resist, oppose, or defeat any such law or act, or to aid, encourage or abet any hostile designs of any foreign nation against the United States, convicted before any court of the United States having jurisdiction thereof, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding two thousand dollars, and by imprisonment not exceeding two years.… Sedition Act 1798

Alien & Sedition Act Alien Act: requires 14 years for immigrants to be naturalized as a citizen (Dem-Republican: supporters) Sedition Act: No one can speak out against the government Democrat-Republic Response: Virginia-Kentucky Resolution: argues that states can nullify a law that is unconstitutional (nullification) Compact theory: states created the Constitution(bases for nullification)

Reviewing the Young Republic Assessing the Young Republic
Essential Question: How did enact in the powers of government granted under the U.S. Constitution to establish stability in America after the critical period? Students can: Evaluate how the Washington presidency set precedents for future leaders of the nation Determine how the Constitution empowered and restrained the actions of the federal government AGENDA Reviewing the Young Republic Assessing the Young Republic Campaigning in the 1800s Homework: Campaign Poster

Election of 1800

Jeffersonian Republic A Revolution in 1800????
Essential Question: How did enact in the powers of government granted under the U.S. Constitution to establish stability in America after the critical period? Students can: Evaluate how the Washington presidency set precedents for future leaders of the nation Determine how the Constitution empowered and restrained the actions of the federal government AGENDA Jeffersonian Republic A Revolution in 1800???? The Downfall of the Federalists Homework: No Homework – Happy Holidays

Jeffersonian Democracy
Sometimes it is said that man cannot be trusted with the governing of himself. Can he, then, be trusted with the government of others? Or have we found angels in the forms of kings to govern him? Let history answer this question. - Thomas Jefferson, 1st Inaugural Address 1801

Jeffersonian America We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists. If there be any among us who would wish to dissolve this Union or to change its republican form, let them stand undisturbed as monuments of the safety with which error of opinion may be tolerated where reason is left free to combat it. I know, indeed, that some honest men fear that a republican government can not be strong, that this Government is not strong enough; but would the honest patriot, in the full tide of successful experiment, abandon a government which has so far kept us free and firm on the theoretic and visionary fear that this Government, the world's best hope, may by possibility want energy to preserve itself? I trust not. I believe this, on the contrary, the strongest Government on earth. Thomas Jefferson, 1st Inauguration Speech, 1801

Election of 1800 1st American Presidential election to end in a tie: Thomas Jefferson vs. Aaron Burr House of Representatives elects the President when the Electoral College ends in a tie Alexander Hamilton sways vote for Thomas Jefferson Jefferson promise to keep the national bank and to fire Federalists from government post

Democrat-Republicans Platform
Revolution of 1800 Revolution of 1800 1st peaceful transition of power between political parties (Democrat-Republicans) Democrat-Republicans Platform Weaken the Central Government Strict Constructionist view of the Constitution Be the voice of the common man (yeoman farmer) Election change 12th Amendment: President and Vice President run together

How did the two parties’ platforms differ in the election of 1800?
Adams Jefferson Federalist Rule by wealthy, educated Strong Fed. Gov. Believe the common people were incapable of governing themselves Emphasis on manufacturing Against too much individual freedom Loose interpretation of the constitution Democratic-Republican Rule by the common people Strong state gov. & weak federal government Emphasis on agriculture Favored freedom of speech and press Strict interpretation of the constitution

Dem-Republicans vs. Federalist Winter Break Wake Up Terms to remember
Essential Question: How did enact in the powers of government granted under the U.S. Constitution to establish stability in America after the critical period? Students can: Evaluate how the Washington presidency set precedents for future leaders of the nation Determine how the Constitution empowered and restrained the actions of the federal government AGENDA Dem-Republicans vs. Federalist Winter Break Wake Up Terms to remember Homework: Read Thomas Jefferson’s Domestic Affairs & complete terms CRE 1/12/18

Democrat Republican or Federalist
Believed power should reside mostly with the states to provide an effective limit on government authority. Supported the ability to interpret the U.S. Constitution to allow it to adapt to the needs of the nation, such as creating a national bank. Argued that liberties must be upheld even they are used to criticize the government. Believed that rebellion was a mobocracy that was dangerous to the security of the nation, and therefore should be forcefully dealt with. Believed a little revolution now and then refreshed the tree of liberty and was good for government

A Constitutional Test for Jefferson Hallmark of a revolution Homework:
Essential Question: How did enact in the powers of government granted under the U.S. Constitution to establish stability in America after the critical period? Students can: Decipher factors that empowered the rise of the Democrat-Republicans Evaluate how Jefferson’s views on government contrast with those of the Federalist Presidents AGENDA Be HIPP’IN A Constitutional Test for Jefferson Hallmark of a revolution Homework: Read Thomas Jefferson’s Domestic Affairs & complete short answer question CRE 1/12/18 Unit III Test 1/19/18

Remind 101 JOIN NOW American I – Remind 101 Phone # 336 383-1191
Code: 3bag26

HIPP of History But I suppose they must then appeal to the nation for an additional article to the Constitution, approving & confirming an act which the nation had not previously authorized. The constitution has made no provision for our holding foreign territory, still less for incorporating foreign nations into our Union. The Executive in seizing the fugitive occurrence which so much advances the good of their country, have done an act beyond the Constitution. - Letter from Thomas Jefferson to John Breckinridge, 1803 HIPP: use the following to analyze what the historic importance of the document H: Historic Contextualization - What is being discussed and why is important to the time period, how does it connect to prior knowledge I: Intend Audience – who is this written for P: Purpose - What is the intent of the document P: Point of View – who wrote the document

Jeffersonian Democracy
Changes to government Less formal presidency Came in during a time of large political division Reduced size of fed. Gov. No whiskey tax Cut size of army and navy (relied on militia) Paid debts, cut gov’t spending No Alien & Sedition Acts Remember- he kept Hamilton’s Econ. Plan

Constitution Questions for Jefferson
Spain sells Louisiana territory to France voiding the Pinckney Treaty ? Louisiana Purchase 1803 – Jeffersonian Dilemma Double the size of the U.S. Land and trade opportunity for the common man Control of the Mississippi River Violates strict constructionist views

Read Thomas Jefferson’s Foreign Affairs & complete Terms CRE 1/12/18
Essential Question: How did enact in the powers of government granted under the U.S. Constitution to establish stability in America after the critical period? Students can: Decipher factors that empowered the rise of the Democrat-Republicans Evaluate how Jefferson’s views on government contrast with those of the Federalist Presidents AGENDA DACA Hipping Jefferson Revolutionary? Homework: Read Thomas Jefferson’s Foreign Affairs & complete Terms CRE 1/12/18 Unit III Test 1/19/18

Perspective is Key DACA: Defensive Action for Childhood Arrivals
What is the POV of the cartoon? Who is the audience for the message of the cartoon? Why was the cartoon created? Why was the message created for 2018?

Adam’s Revenge Judiciary Act of 1801: Federalist control the federal judiciary and Adams appoints the Midnight Judges Jefferson declares the appointment invalid Marbury v. Madison 1803 It is in every point of view of such a primary importance to carry the laws into prompt and faithful execution, and to render that part of the administration of justice which the Constitution and laws devolve on the federal courts convenient to the people as may they consist with their present circumstances. - John Adams, State of the Union Address 1800

Marbury v. Madison Federalist Supreme Court Justice John Marshall
Ruling: Supreme Court can’t force Jefferson to grant the appointments because they can only determine whether laws are unconstitutional or not Marbury v. Marshall precedent: Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional (JUDICAL REVIEW) Impact: Strengthens the power of Supreme Court & federal government Impact 2: Democrat-Republicans try to impeach Samuel P. Chase (Federalist) for criticizing the government

Jeffersonian Revolution
Prompt: With respect to the federal Constitution, the Jeffersonian Republicans are usually characterized as strict constructionists who were opposed to the broad constructionism of the Federalists. To what extent was this characterization of the two parties accurate during the presidencies of Jefferson and Madison? Side 2: Side 1:

Complete Jefferson’s foreign affair short answer question CRE 1/12/18
Essential Question: How did enact in the powers of government granted under the U.S. Constitution to establish stability in America after the critical period? Students can: Decipher factors that empowered the rise of the Democrat-Republicans Evaluate how Jefferson’s views on government contrast with those of the Federalist Presidents AGENDA How he nicks ‘em U.S. Trade Relations Hipp Gallery Homework: Complete Jefferson’s foreign affair short answer question CRE 1/12/18 Unit III Test 1/19/18

Damn it, how he nicks ‘em Historic contextualization: what is the big picture here Intended Audience: who is this document created for Point of View: Who made this political cartoon Purpose: Why was the document created

Re-Export England puts an embargo on France
America: acts a re-exporter (America re-exports French goods making it appear they are America goods) Increases America economic rivalry with England

English Impressment 1803 – 1812: England had impressed 6,000 American sailors Form of kidnapping that forced sailors into British navy… major cause of War of 1812 Jefferson had cut size of navy so US can’t do anything about it

Embargo Against Trade Embargo Act of 1807: passed by Jefferson to promote neutrality & peaceful coercion of England & France America’s refusal to trade with any country Hurts U.S. economy

Repeal of the Embargo Act
1808 the Embargo Act was repealed and replaced by the Non-intercourse Act U.S. can trade with everyone but England and France

HIPP Document Document Title - Source
Analyze Assign Documents Place and Time Prior knowledge facts Document Title - Source Historic Contextualization: two sentence statement that explains the big picture Intended Audience: who was the document created for Purpose: Why was the document created Point of View: who created the document

AGENDA Jeffersonian Janus We be DBQing LET’s PERSIA Homework:
Essential Question: How did enact in the powers of government granted under the U.S. Constitution to establish stability in America after the critical period? Students can: Decipher factors that empowered the rise of the Democrat-Republicans Evaluate how Jefferson’s views on government contrast with those of the Federalist Presidents AGENDA Jeffersonian Janus We be DBQing LET’s PERSIA Homework: HIPP War of 1812 Causes CRE 1/12/18 Unit III Test 1/19/18

The Janus of Jefferson Jefferson was a Democrat-Republican
Jefferson was a Federalist

The Forgotten War Tripolitan Wars: Two wars between U.S. & Barbary Pirates Barbary pirates demanded tribute to stop them from attacking US trade in the Mediterranean Sea Battle of Derna ends 150 years of blackmail (U.S. Marines raise the 1st American flag on the old world) – Battle Hymn of the Republic – to the shores of Tripoli

Jeffersonian Revolution
Prompt: With respect to the federal Constitution, the Jeffersonian Republicans are usually characterized as strict constructionists who were opposed to the broad constructionism of the Federalists. To what extent was this characterization of the two parties accurate during the presidencies of Jefferson and Madison?

HIPP Document Document Title - Source
Analyze Assign Documents Place and Time Prior knowledge facts Document Title - Source Historic Contextualization: two sentence statement that explains the big picture Intended Audience: who was the document created for Purpose: Why was the document created Point of View: who created the document

PERSIA List historic fact in the categories they fit – You will NOT use ever categories Side 1 Side 2 P – Political E – Economic R – Religious S – Social I – Intelligence A – Area (geography)

Complete Jefferson’s foreign affair short answer question CRE 1/12/18
Essential Question: How did enact in the powers of government granted under the U.S. Constitution to establish stability in America after the critical period? Students can: Decipher factors that empowered the rise of the Democrat-Republicans Evaluate how Jefferson’s views on government contrast with those of the Federalist Presidents AGENDA DACA Hipping Jefferson Revolutionary? Homework: Complete Jefferson’s foreign affair short answer question CRE 1/12/18 Unit III Test 1/19/18

Building a Republic 1783-1815 Unit III.

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Building a Republic 1783-1815 Unit III."— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback

Log in

Auth with social network:

Building a Republic 1783-1815 Unit III.

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Building a Republic 1783-1815 Unit III."— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback