1. Warm-up
How are these two sentences different? Is there any difference in the meaning?
I sent my cousin a letter.
I sent a letter to my cousin.

2. Verbs with Indirect Objects
p. 405

3. Direct Objects vs. Indirect Objects
Words that answer the question whom? or what? after an action verb are called direct objects.
An indirect object answers the question to whom? or for whom? an action is done.

4. Hannah Montana ate the carrot.
Alex Russo shrank her room.
verb + whom? or what? = D.O.
Ate what? carrot (direct object)
Shrank what? room (direct object)

5. I.O. = verb + to whom or what
for whom or what

6. Friends sent the actors flowers.
Sent what? flowers = D.O.
To or for whom? actors = I.O.

7. There cannot be an indirect object unless there is a direct object.

8. Finding indirect objects:
I.O. always comes before the D.O.
You can add the preposition to or for before the indirect object and change its position. (The sentence will still make sense, although there will no longer be an indirect object.)

9. For example:
Friends sent the actors flowers.
[Actors is an indirect object.]
Friends sent flowers to the actors.
[Actors is not an indirect object.]

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