1. Energy Efficiency Design Index for Challenge Emissions (EEDI)
Eng.Hussien Mohamed Hassan
M.Sc. Eng. in Naval Architecture and Marine

2. Effects of Climate Change
Motivation
Effects of Climate Change
Content
EEDI
EEDI in hot points
EEDI Calculation
EEDI Reference Line
EEDI Calibration

3. Motivation
The International Maritime Organization(IMO) estimates that Carbon dioxide emissions from shipping were equal to 2.2% of the global human-made emissions in  and expects them to rise 50 to 250 percent by 2050 if no action is taken.
1000*2-5 times
CO2 million tonnes
1000
year
2012
2050
It was tasked with developing the technical basis for the reduction mechanisms that may form part of a future IMO regime to control greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping

4. Effects of Climate Change {marine ecosystem}
Emissions
Temperature
Sea level
Shelf sea stratification
Aquaculture
Storms and waves
Marine Mammals
Acidification and Salinity
Shipping and Tourism
Coastal Erosion

5. Reduction Emissions Mechanisms
IMO is carried out an regulations to control GHG emissions and recommended reduction emissions mechanisms.
The First International Meeting of the IMO Working Group on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships took place in Oslo, Norway on 23–27 June 2008.
This mechanisms are performed under MARPOL Annex VI as energy efficiency standard for ships.
These regulatory mechanisms are:
Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI), for new ships.
Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI), for ships in operation.
Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP), for ships in operation.

6. EEDI in hot points
Actual value of EEDI for a ship represents the amount of CO2 generated by a ship while doing one tonne-mile of transport work .
Ships commissioned after January 1, 2013 and weighing 400 GT or more have to apply the EEDI requirements.
The following list provides the ship types that are currently comply with Attained EEDI regulation.
Bulk carrier
General
LNG carrier
Ro-RAX ship
Ro-Ro cargo ships
Container ship
Tanker
Cruise passenger ships
cargo ship
Ships with turbine propulsion (with the exception of LNG ships) are also excluded

7. Principles of EEDI EEDI
Principles of EEDI is defined as the ratio between impact on environment and the gain to society as shown in following equation
Impact to environment
EEDI =
Benefit to society
EEDI value may be called Estimated Index Value (EIV) and can be estimated as following equation

8. EEDI Calculation Consideration Conditions
Draught: Summer load line draught.
Capacity: Deadweight (or gross tonnage for passenger ships, etc.) for the above draught (container ship will be 70% value).
Weather condition: Calm with no wind and no waves
Propulsion shaft power: 75% of main engine MCR (conventional ships) with some amendments for shaft motor or shaft generator or shaft-limited power cases
Reference speed (Vref): Is the ship speed when measured/estimated under the above

9. Anatomy of the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) Equation for Ships

10. Parameters of EEDI equation
Description
Capacity
Tonne
Ship capacity in deadweight or gross tonnage at summer load line draught (for container ships, 70% of deadweight applies).
Main Engine power
PME
Ship propulsion power that is 75% of main engine Maximum Continuous Rating (MCR) or
Auxiliary Engine power
PAEeff
Ship auxiliary power requirements at normal sea going conditions
Peff
Auxiliary power reduction due to use of innovative electric power generation technologies
75% of installed power for each innovative technology that contributes to ship propulsion.
SFCAE
Specific fuel consumption for auxiliary engines
SFCME
Specific fuel consumption for main engines

11. Carbon Factor
CFAE
Carbon factor for fuel for main engines. [gCO2/g fuel]
CFME
Carbon factor for fuel for auxiliary engines.

12. Corrections fi fc fj fw Correction Description
Correction factor for capacity of ships fc
Correction factor for capacity of ships with alternative cargo types fj
Correction factor for ship specific design features (e.g. ice-class ships). fw
Correction factor for speed reduction due to representative sea conditions.
nME
Number of main engines.
neff
Number of innovative technologies.
nPTI
Number of power take-in systems (e.g. shaft motors).

13. RLV= a (100% deadweight)-c
EEDI Reference Line (RLV) Estimation
EEDI Reference Line is defined as a curve representing an average index value fitted on a set of individual index values for a defined group of ships.
RLV=  a (100% deadweight)-c
A and c is constant and its values are shown in the following table for various ship types
Ship type a c
Bulk carrier
961.79
0.477
Gas carrier
0.456
Tanker
0.488
Container ship
174.22
0.201
General cargo ship
107.48
0.216
Refrigerated cargo carrier
227.01
0.244
Combination carrier
Ro-ro cargo ship
0.498
Ro-ro passenger ship
752.16
0.381
LNG carrier
2253.7
0.474
Cruise passenger ship
170.84
0.214

14. EEDI Reference Line
The recommended EEDI Reference Lines of Various ships are shown in the following
Tanker Ship
Bulk Carrier Ship
Gas Tanker Ship
Container Ship
RLV=1218*DWT^0.483
RLV=961.79*DWT^0.477
RLV=1120*DWT^0.456
RLV=186.52*DWT^0.42
The shown RLV equations are applicable for period between jun,2013 to jun, 2015 only {phase 0}

15. EEDI phases and Reduction Factor
EEDI phases is expressed as the year that the EEDI calculation is done
Reduction Factor is amount of reduction between each Phases stage
EEDI
Reduction Factor X
Phases
Phases
Phases
Phases
Capacity

16. EEDI Calibration Acceptable Not-Acceptable
Required EEDI [RLV]
Attained EEDI [EIV]
Attained EEDI [EIV]
Required EEDI [RLV]
Capacity
Capacity
Attained EEDI ≤ Required EEDI
Attained EEDI > Required EEDI
Acceptable
Not-Acceptable

17. Conclusions
Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) has been formulated by the IMO Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) as a measure of the CO2 emission performance of ships
The ship EEDI is calculated based on characteristics of the ship at build, incorporating parameters including ship capacity, engine power and fuel consumption.
Shipping is responsible for CO2 discharge of approximately 3.3% global emission and despite being an energy-efficient transport means, compared with other transport modes, there are opportunities for increasing energy efficiency.