1. APUSH History Unit One-1
Origins of a New Nation
APUSH History Unit One-1

2. The European World

3. Middle Ages Review Early Middle Ages – 500-1000 Isolation of Europe
Feudalism
Powerful Roman Catholic Church

4. Quick Review of European History
Feudal System/Hierarchy (manor system)
Serfs- tied to land
Priests- Importance of church- Pope, Vernacular Bible, cathedrals…
Royalty- Kings, queens, knights…POWER!!

6. Quick Review of European History
Loss of power of the King-
King John and the Magna Carta-
1215 Runnymeade-
Emergence of the Rights of Nobles and common people

7. Towards the Modern World 2
Late Middle Ages –
Growth of cities- Urbanization
London, Paris, Rome
Rise of monarchs
Divine right of kings
Growth of Education and Universities
Bologna, Oxford, Cambridge

8. Quick Review of European History
Growth of middle class-
Development of business, merchants, guilds
Why important?
The Black Plague
What changes did it bring??

9. Towards the Modern World
Late Middle Ages –
Crusades
Christian knights and soldiers headed to the ‘Holy Lands’ to dispel the “Infidels”
Richard the Lion-Hearted left England as a warrior king
Robin Hood’s King
Trade w/Asia and the Muslim world
Spices via South Seas islands
Silk road via today’s Afghanistan
Coffee via today’s Turkey

10. The Renaissance Mid-14th Century-15th Century
A time of new thinking and expanding knowledge
Literally means “rebirth”
Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe
Science, humanism, art, literature..
Guttenberg and his printing press became a major part of this new spreading of knowledge
Movable type and mass production of books
“You mean I can read my own Bible???”

11. The Reformation Martin Luther
His ideas shook the Church’s foundation in 1517
Nailed 95 Theses on the door in Wittenberg
Protestantism born
Church of England, Methodism, Baptists, Lutheranism…
Why important to colonial Americans??

12. Towards a Modern European
Age of Exploration
Seafaring and Military technology improve
Competition among European nations
Portugal
First European nation to be a seagoing power
Prince Henry the Navigator
Spain-
Became the most powerful nation
3 G’s- God, Gold, Glory
Columbus, Isabella, and Ferdinand
Exploration of the New World

13. Line of Demarcation
Line drawn by Pope Alexander VI in to assign colonial spheres of interest in the Americas to Portugal and Spain.

14. Who Got What?? Portugal was assigned Spain was assigned Brazil
the west and east coasts of Africa
the southern and eastern shores of Asia
and the East Indies
Spain was assigned
the Americas
and lands encountered by or to be encountered by Columbus
the Philippines

15. The Pre-Columbian Native American World

16. How did the Native Americans Get Here?

18. How did the Native Americans Get Here?
1. Land Bridge 2. Land/sea route from East 3.Land/sea route from West 4. Sea route from South Seas

19. The Land Bridge

20. Where did these tribes settle?
Northwest coast
California coast
Mid Continental plateaus
The Great Basin
Southwest
The Great Plains
The Northeast
The Southeast

22. Pre-Columbian Native American Tribes
Far Northern tribes
Lived in the NW coastal edges of North America
Today area of Alaska and NW Canada
Lived a nomadic lifestyle
Dependent upon fish for survival
Followed game from place to place
Today’s descendants are the Inuit and Aleut of the far north

23. Pre-Columbian Native American Tribes
Northwestern tribes
Settled along the shores, rivers, and creeks of southeastern Alaska to northern California.
Developed a maritime culture; were expert canoe builders.
Developed a high culture without the benefit of agriculture or pottery
Tribes lived in large, complex communities, constructed multifamily cedar plank houses.
Were highly skilled in crafts and woodworking.
Placed an inordinate value on accumulated wealth and property.
Held lavish feasts called potlatches to display their wealth and social status.

24. Pre-Columbian Native American Tribes
California tribes-
Lived in what today is the state of California
Varying cultures which were adapted for deserts and/or coast
One tribe was called the Costanoans (which means "coast people" in Spanish)
Constructed permanent dwellings made up of a variety of materials including redwood, pinecones, bark, and leaves as well as earthen pits
Foods varied according to climate and area of settlement

25. Pre-Columbian Native American Tribes
Plateau/Mid American Tribes
Lived in Ohio valley, central Mississippi, and Illinois River Valleys.
Were both hunter-gatherers and farmers.
Villages were built along rivers, characterized by large conical or dome-shaped burial mounds and elaborate earthen walls enclosing large oval or rectangular areas.
Were highly skilled craftsmen in pottery, stone, sculpture, and metalworking, especially copper
Engaged in widespread trade all over northern America extending west to the Rocky Mountains

26. Pre-Columbian Native American Tribes
Great Basin Tribes
Due to the limited vegetation in the Great Basin, Indians in this area were primarily hunter-gatherers.
The main food source for early native peoples was pine nuts, acorns, wild beans, and other local plants
Meat for the natives in this area was supplied through fishing
Because of the limited number and variety of trees available, wood for fires, as well as tool making, was also a valuable commodity.
In the winter, they lived in wickiups -small cone- shaped structures constructed of a pole framework covered with sod, bark, grass, animal skins, brush or reeds. 
During the summer months, a lean-to or windbreak made of brush provided comfortable living quarters.  

27. Pre-Columbian Native American Tribes
Southwest Tribes-
Settled in present-day Arizona.
Were desert farmers.
Cultivated corn.
Were first to grow cotton in the Southwest.
Wove cotton fabrics.
Built pit houses and later multi-storied buildings (pueblos).
Constructed vast network of irrigation systems.
Major canals were over 30 miles long.
Built ball courts and truncated pyramids similar to those found in Middle America.
First in world known to master the art of etching
Etched shells with fermented Saguaro cactus juice).

28. Pre-Columbian Native American Tribes
Plains Indians
Primarily associated with the Great Plains area.
Were bison/American buffalo hunters.
Developed a delicately flaked spear point
Adopted mass-hunting technique (jump-kill) to drive animal herds off a cliff.
First to use grinding stones to grind seeds and meat.

29. Pre-Columbian Native American Tribes
Northeast Tribes-
Also known as “Woodlands tribes” by some historians
Area was home to vast forests and lakes and many types of food
Iroquois were largest and most important tribe
Men were hunters and warriors, providers and protectors of the community.
Women owned the houses, gathered wild foods, cooked, made baskets and clothing, and cared for the children
Lacrosse began as the northeastern Indians' ball- and-stick game
Prepared men for war and reinforced religious beliefs

30. Pre-Columbian Native American Tribes
Southeastern Tribes-
Extended from Mississippi Valley into Alabama, Georgia (Etowah Mounds), and Florida.
They were also known as Temple Mound Builders.
Constructed large flat-topped earthen mounds on which were built wooden temples and meeting houses and residences of chiefs and priests
Built huge cedar pole circles (woodhenges) for astronomical observations.
Were highly skilled hunters with bow and arrow.
Practiced large-scale farming of corn, beans, and squash.

31. Similarities Between Tribes
Kinship and clans
Often matriarchal connections
“Earth” religions
Oral history traditions
Barter as form of payment
No money
Beliefs of land ownership
No one owned the land
Led to dispute with Europeans and later Americans

32. Differences Between Tribes
Way of life adapted to environment
Some farmed, some hunted and fished, some were nomads
Many different culture groups existed

33. The World of the West Africans

34. Africa- A diverse land
West African life- three types of vegetation made tribes’ culture different
the Savanna, rich with resources
West coast- rainforest
Desert- nomad

35. Africa- A diverse land 2
A rich diversity of people and culture developed
Trade along coasts began with Portuguese traders
Salt, gold, later slaves

37. Key Information Oral traditions developed
Very little written records exist
Storytellers were important to tribes
Remembered their history
Importance of elders and women

38. Key Differences with Europeans
Many Religions in Africa unlike in Europe
Catholic Church was dominant in Europe
Abundance of land in Africa, but many rivers were impossible to navigate
Land is scarce in Europe and generally owned by the wealthy and powerful
Intra-African Slavery-
If captured within Africa slave became a part of new culture
Generally integration by slaves was not possible in Europe

39. Birth of the Atlantic World

40. Birth of the Atlantic World Columbus’ voyage led to the reshaping of every culture
Causes of Voyage
Quest for knowledge of the world
Wish to bring Christianity to other lands and people
Desire for new trade route to the East
Rivalry with Portugal
Desire for Wealth
Effects of Voyage
Columbian Exchange
Conquest of Native Americans
Search for Northwest Passage
Establishing European Empires in the Americas
Death of Native Americans b/c of disease
Enslavement of Africans
Blending of cultures in America

41. Effect on Native Americans
At first, the Indians were helpful
Pocahontas
Squanto
Disease
Smallpox, measles, chicken pox, influenza, tuberculosis, typhus
Conflict
Powhatan fight
King Philip’s War

42. "With my own eyes I saw Spaniards cut off the nose, hands and ears of Indians, male and female, without provocation, merely because it pleased them to do it. ... Likewise, I saw how they summoned the caciques and the chief rulers to come, assuring them safety, and when they peacefully came, they were taken captive and burned."

43. "[The Spaniards] took babies from their mothers' breasts, grabbing them by the feet and smashing their heads againt rocks. ...They built a long gibbet, low enough for the toes to touch the ground and prevent strangling, and hanged thirteen [natives] at a time in honor of Christ Our Saviour and the twelve Apostles. ...Then, straw was wrapped around their torn bodies and they were burned alive."

44. Reasons for Building Overseas Colonies
Add wealth and power to home country
Source of valuable raw materials
Gold and silver
New markets for goods manufactured in home country
Base for Privateers (Sea Dogs)
European overpopulation

45. English Colonial Regions

46. The End Study and Read Your Textbook!