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APUSH History Unit One-1

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Presentation on theme: "APUSH History Unit One-1"— Presentation transcript:

1 APUSH History Unit One-1
Origins of a New Nation APUSH History Unit One-1

2 The European World

3 Middle Ages Review Early Middle Ages – 500-1000 Isolation of Europe
Feudalism Powerful Roman Catholic Church

4 Quick Review of European History
Feudal System/Hierarchy (manor system) Serfs- tied to land Priests- Importance of church- Pope, Vernacular Bible, cathedrals… Royalty- Kings, queens, knights…POWER!!

5

6 Quick Review of European History
Loss of power of the King- King John and the Magna Carta- 1215 Runnymeade- Emergence of the Rights of Nobles and common people

7 Towards the Modern World 2
Late Middle Ages – Growth of cities- Urbanization London, Paris, Rome Rise of monarchs Divine right of kings Growth of Education and Universities Bologna, Oxford, Cambridge

8 Quick Review of European History
Growth of middle class- Development of business, merchants, guilds Why important? The Black Plague What changes did it bring??

9 Towards the Modern World
Late Middle Ages – Crusades Christian knights and soldiers headed to the ‘Holy Lands’ to dispel the “Infidels” Richard the Lion-Hearted left England as a warrior king Robin Hood’s King Trade w/Asia and the Muslim world Spices via South Seas islands Silk road via today’s Afghanistan Coffee via today’s Turkey

10 The Renaissance Mid-14th Century-15th Century
A time of new thinking and expanding knowledge Literally means “rebirth” Began in Italy and spread throughout Europe Science, humanism, art, literature.. Guttenberg and his printing press became a major part of this new spreading of knowledge Movable type and mass production of books “You mean I can read my own Bible???”

11 The Reformation Martin Luther
His ideas shook the Church’s foundation in 1517 Nailed 95 Theses on the door in Wittenberg Protestantism born Church of England, Methodism, Baptists, Lutheranism… Why important to colonial Americans??

12 Towards a Modern European
Age of Exploration Seafaring and Military technology improve Competition among European nations Portugal First European nation to be a seagoing power Prince Henry the Navigator Spain- Became the most powerful nation 3 G’s- God, Gold, Glory Columbus, Isabella, and Ferdinand Exploration of the New World

13 Line of Demarcation Line drawn by Pope Alexander VI in to assign colonial spheres of interest in the Americas to Portugal and Spain.

14 Who Got What?? Portugal was assigned Spain was assigned Brazil
the west and east coasts of Africa the southern and eastern shores of Asia and the East Indies Spain was assigned the Americas and lands encountered by or to be encountered by Columbus the Philippines

15 The Pre-Columbian Native American World

16 How did the Native Americans Get Here?

17

18 How did the Native Americans Get Here?
1. Land Bridge 2. Land/sea route from East 3.Land/sea route from West 4. Sea route from South Seas

19 The Land Bridge

20 Where did these tribes settle?
Northwest coast California coast Mid Continental plateaus The Great Basin Southwest The Great Plains The Northeast The Southeast

21

22 Pre-Columbian Native American Tribes
Far Northern tribes Lived in the NW coastal edges of North America Today area of Alaska and NW Canada Lived a nomadic lifestyle Dependent upon fish for survival Followed game from place to place Today’s descendants are the Inuit and Aleut of the far north

23 Pre-Columbian Native American Tribes
Northwestern tribes Settled along the shores, rivers, and creeks of southeastern Alaska to northern California. Developed a maritime culture; were expert canoe builders. Developed a high culture without the benefit of agriculture or pottery Tribes lived in large, complex communities, constructed multifamily cedar plank houses. Were highly skilled in crafts and woodworking. Placed an inordinate value on accumulated wealth and property. Held lavish feasts called potlatches to display their wealth and social status.

24 Pre-Columbian Native American Tribes
California tribes- Lived in what today is the state of California Varying cultures which were adapted for deserts and/or coast One tribe was called the Costanoans (which means "coast people" in Spanish) Constructed permanent dwellings made up of a variety of materials including redwood, pinecones, bark, and leaves as well as earthen pits Foods varied according to climate and area of settlement

25 Pre-Columbian Native American Tribes
Plateau/Mid American Tribes Lived in Ohio valley, central Mississippi, and Illinois River Valleys. Were both hunter-gatherers and farmers. Villages were built along rivers, characterized by large conical or dome-shaped burial mounds and elaborate earthen walls enclosing large oval or rectangular areas. Were highly skilled craftsmen in pottery, stone, sculpture, and metalworking, especially copper Engaged in widespread trade all over northern America extending west to the Rocky Mountains

26 Pre-Columbian Native American Tribes
Great Basin Tribes Due to the limited vegetation in the Great Basin, Indians in this area were primarily hunter-gatherers. The main food source for early native peoples was pine nuts, acorns, wild beans, and other local plants Meat for the natives in this area was supplied through fishing Because of the limited number and variety of trees available, wood for fires, as well as tool making, was also a valuable commodity. In the winter, they lived in wickiups -small cone- shaped structures constructed of a pole framework covered with sod, bark, grass, animal skins, brush or reeds.  During the summer months, a lean-to or windbreak made of brush provided comfortable living quarters.  

27 Pre-Columbian Native American Tribes
Southwest Tribes- Settled in present-day Arizona. Were desert farmers. Cultivated corn. Were first to grow cotton in the Southwest. Wove cotton fabrics. Built pit houses and later multi-storied buildings (pueblos). Constructed vast network of irrigation systems. Major canals were over 30 miles long. Built ball courts and truncated pyramids similar to those found in Middle America. First in world known to master the art of etching Etched shells with fermented Saguaro cactus juice).

28 Pre-Columbian Native American Tribes
Plains Indians Primarily associated with the Great Plains area. Were bison/American buffalo hunters. Developed a delicately flaked spear point Adopted mass-hunting technique (jump-kill) to drive animal herds off a cliff. First to use grinding stones to grind seeds and meat.

29 Pre-Columbian Native American Tribes
Northeast Tribes- Also known as “Woodlands tribes” by some historians Area was home to vast forests and lakes and many types of food Iroquois were largest and most important tribe Men were hunters and warriors, providers and protectors of the community. Women owned the houses, gathered wild foods, cooked, made baskets and clothing, and cared for the children Lacrosse began as the northeastern Indians' ball- and-stick game Prepared men for war and reinforced religious beliefs

30 Pre-Columbian Native American Tribes
Southeastern Tribes- Extended from Mississippi Valley into Alabama, Georgia (Etowah Mounds), and Florida. They were also known as Temple Mound Builders. Constructed large flat-topped earthen mounds on which were built wooden temples and meeting houses and residences of chiefs and priests Built huge cedar pole circles (woodhenges) for astronomical observations. Were highly skilled hunters with bow and arrow. Practiced large-scale farming of corn, beans, and squash.

31 Similarities Between Tribes
Kinship and clans Often matriarchal connections “Earth” religions Oral history traditions Barter as form of payment No money Beliefs of land ownership No one owned the land Led to dispute with Europeans and later Americans

32 Differences Between Tribes
Way of life adapted to environment Some farmed, some hunted and fished, some were nomads Many different culture groups existed

33 The World of the West Africans

34 Africa- A diverse land West African life- three types of vegetation made tribes’ culture different the Savanna, rich with resources West coast- rainforest Desert- nomad

35 Africa- A diverse land 2 A rich diversity of people and culture developed Trade along coasts began with Portuguese traders Salt, gold, later slaves

36

37 Key Information Oral traditions developed
Very little written records exist Storytellers were important to tribes Remembered their history Importance of elders and women

38 Key Differences with Europeans
Many Religions in Africa unlike in Europe Catholic Church was dominant in Europe Abundance of land in Africa, but many rivers were impossible to navigate Land is scarce in Europe and generally owned by the wealthy and powerful Intra-African Slavery- If captured within Africa slave became a part of new culture Generally integration by slaves was not possible in Europe

39 Birth of the Atlantic World

40 Birth of the Atlantic World Columbus’ voyage led to the reshaping of every culture
Causes of Voyage Quest for knowledge of the world Wish to bring Christianity to other lands and people Desire for new trade route to the East Rivalry with Portugal Desire for Wealth Effects of Voyage Columbian Exchange Conquest of Native Americans Search for Northwest Passage Establishing European Empires in the Americas Death of Native Americans b/c of disease Enslavement of Africans Blending of cultures in America

41 Effect on Native Americans
At first, the Indians were helpful Pocahontas Squanto Disease Smallpox, measles, chicken pox, influenza, tuberculosis, typhus Conflict Powhatan fight King Philip’s War

42 "With my own eyes I saw Spaniards cut off the nose, hands and ears of Indians, male and female, without provocation, merely because it pleased them to do it. ... Likewise, I saw how they summoned the caciques and the chief rulers to come, assuring them safety, and when they peacefully came, they were taken captive and burned."

43 "[The Spaniards] took babies from their mothers' breasts, grabbing them by the feet and smashing their heads againt rocks. ...They built a long gibbet, low enough for the toes to touch the ground and prevent strangling, and hanged thirteen [natives] at a time in honor of Christ Our Saviour and the twelve Apostles. ...Then, straw was wrapped around their torn bodies and they were burned alive."

44 Reasons for Building Overseas Colonies
Add wealth and power to home country Source of valuable raw materials Gold and silver New markets for goods manufactured in home country Base for Privateers (Sea Dogs) European overpopulation

45 English Colonial Regions

46 The End Study and Read Your Textbook!


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