1. Acid Base Chemistry
Unit 5 Part 1 – Chapter 14

2. Warm-up (Jan 25) Notes, calculator, goggles OUT!
If someone asked you to describe an acid, what would you say?
Think of some words and examples
Warm-up (Jan 25)

3. Demos PINK means base, colorless means acid Samples tested:
Common attributes?
NH3, NaOH, KOH, Mg(OH)2, HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, H3PO4 Also incorporate litmus and universal paper in? Other indicators?
Demos

4. Arrhenius (1884): ONE Definition of Acids and Bases
PROTON = H+
Arrhenius (1884): ONE Definition of Acids and Bases

5. Indicator – an inorganic chemical (dye) that reacts with acids or bases and produces certain color changes. Red Cabbage can be used to prepare an indicator!
Common Indicators

6. Every pH unit is a 10-fold change in [H+] concentration
Every pH unit is a 10-fold change in [H+] concentration! Which means that pH = 3 (vinegar) is not so dangerous, but pH = 1 is!

7. What is the pH scale?

8. What is the equation for [H+] according to the picture
What is the equation for [H+] according to the picture? Now, rearrange the equation to solve for pH: pH = -log[H+]
10 ^ -pH = [H+]
pH equations!

9. Calculate the pH of the following acids:
0.56 M HCl
0.05 M H2SO4
What is the [H+] (concentration) of a solution with a pH of:
2.8
10.5
Which one is more acidic? How do you know?
P in pH = power of 10
Try some

10. Demo with universal indicator
Milk of magnesia (Mg(OH)2) is meant to help with heartburn from acid reflux in the esophagus.
Demo with universal indicator

11. HCl + NaOH  Svante Arrhenius
Main father of H+ (acid) and OH- (base) theory:
HCl + NaOH 
H2SO4 + KOH 
When acid and base meet in
equimolar amounts =
neutralization! What do we make?
Svante Arrhenius

12. Acid-Base Calculations
HCl NaOH  ?? ??
Think double-displacement!
Acid Base  Water Salt
Neutralization = point where moles of acid are equal to the moles of base
Acid and Base “cancel” each other out
Acid-Base Calculations

13. FLASHBACK TO Ksp! From your quiz: Ca(OH)2 (s)  Ca 2+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq)
Which of the following will make calcium hydroxide more soluble?
50 mL H2O 50 mL 0.1 M Ca(NO3)2
50 mL 0.1 M HCl 50 mL 0.1 M NaOH
FLASHBACK TO Ksp!

14. Acid/Base Neutralization
a) Give the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of nitric acid (HNO3) with potassium hydroxide (KOH):
b) If mL of a 0.50 M solution of HNO3 was used, what volume of a 0.32 M KOH solution would be required to react perfectly?
390 mL
Acid/Base Neutralization

15. Write the balanced chemical equation for the acid-base reaction between H2SO4 and NaOH
How many moles of base do you need to neutralize one mole of acid?
You try

16. Write the balanced chemical equation for the acid-base reaction between H2SO4 and NaOH
Consider a M solution of H2SO4. Calculate how many mL of that solution would be needed to neutralize 50.0 mL of M NaOH
38.3 mL
You try

17. Monoprotic
Diprotic
Triprotic
--protic!

18. WS #1 Acid Base
Read chapter
Homework Day 1

19. Intro to Titration (Lab 17)
Lab and Class Wednesday – standardization of a base
With a known amount of acid, what is the molarity of the base?
Titrate to the endpoint (pH 7, indicated by LIGHT pink with phenolphthalein)
Titration = adding a known amount of acid/base to an unknown amount of acid/base to neutralize!
Intro to Titration (Lab 17)

20. Titration (Lab #17) A way to analyze an unknown acid or base
Use an indicator to show when you reach the equivalence point (neutralization)
Be analytical! Do good, controlled trials
Titration (Lab #17)

21. LIGHT pink means…

22. Lab #17 work time! GOGGLES ALWAYS BE CAREFUL WITH ANALYTICAL BALANCE
At LEAST 5 GOOD trials
If bright/dark pink, don’t count it
Pink solutions down the sink with lots of water
Clean up everything well when done!
Rinse buret with distilled water TWICE and store upside down by the goggles
Waste NaOH in the waste beaker
Wash glassware very well, take off sharpie
Lab #17 work time!