1. GAS DETECTION PRODUCTS ENDEE ENGINEERS PVT. LTD

2. Agenda

3. Gas Detection System “Must have”

4. Design & Installation Consideration

5. Measured Gases  OXYGEN  HYDROGEN  HYDROGEN SULPHIDE - H2S  HELIUM  CHLORINE  ARGON  METHANE  AMMONIA - NH3  CARBON DIOXIDE  CARBON MONOXIDE  HYDROGEN & CHLORINE  KRYPTON  NITRIC OXIDE  NITROGEN  XENON  SULPHUR HEXAFLUORIDE  NEON  OXYGEN  HYDROGEN  HYDROGEN SULPHIDE - H2S  HELIUM  CHLORINE  ARGON  METHANE  AMMONIA - NH3  CARBON DIOXIDE  CARBON MONOXIDE  HYDROGEN & CHLORINE  KRYPTON  NITRIC OXIDE  NITROGEN  XENON  SULPHUR HEXAFLUORIDE  NEON

6. Gas Monitors and Gas Sensors

7. Portable Single Gas Monitors Complete Automatic Operation Self Diagnostic Check Backlit Alphanumeric Display Diffusion or Suction Sampling Audio & Visual Battery Alarms Simultaneous Display of Gas Name And Concentration Intrinsically Safe Complete Automatic Operation Self Diagnostic Check Backlit Alphanumeric Display Diffusion or Suction Sampling Audio & Visual Battery Alarms Simultaneous Display of Gas Name And Concentration Intrinsically Safe Alert Gas Monitor Model no. : 2015

8. Portable Single Gas Monitors Complete Automatic Operation Self Diagnostic Check Backlit Alphanumeric Display Diffusion or Suction Sampling Audio & Visual Battery Alarms Simultaneous Display of Gas Name And Concentration Intrinsically Safe Complete Automatic Operation Self Diagnostic Check Backlit Alphanumeric Display Diffusion or Suction Sampling Audio & Visual Battery Alarms Simultaneous Display of Gas Name And Concentration Intrinsically Safe Universal Gas Monitor Model no. : 94 series

9. Portable Single Gas Monitors Microprocessor Controlled with Advanced. Digital Signal Processing Tricolor Visual LED & Audio Signal for Leak Indication. Seven Level of Sensitivity. Tactile Keypad Controls Battery Test Function. Battery Voltage Level Indication. Cordless and Portable Comfortable One Hand Operation. Microprocessor Controlled with Advanced. Digital Signal Processing Tricolor Visual LED & Audio Signal for Leak Indication. Seven Level of Sensitivity. Tactile Keypad Controls Battery Test Function. Battery Voltage Level Indication. Cordless and Portable Comfortable One Hand Operation. SF6 Leak Detector

10. Portable Single Gas Monitors Indicating or Non-Indicating Leak Alarm Suitable for CNG / LPG Leaks. Indicates the Intensity of Leak Calibrated in PPM or Explosive Limit Range Simple to Operate Highly Sensitive Detection Circuitry Light Weight Design Audible Alarm / Low Battery Warning Buzzer Tough Abs Plastic Housing Indicating or Non-Indicating Leak Alarm Suitable for CNG / LPG Leaks. Indicates the Intensity of Leak Calibrated in PPM or Explosive Limit Range Simple to Operate Highly Sensitive Detection Circuitry Light Weight Design Audible Alarm / Low Battery Warning Buzzer Tough Abs Plastic Housing Leak Detector- EZ Sensor

11. Portable Multi Gas Monitors Continuous Multi Gas Monitoring Complete Automatic Operation. Self Diagnostic Check. Diffusion or Suction Sampling. Backlit Alpha numeric Display. Audio and Visual Alarm. Simultaneous Display of Gas name and Concentration Audible Alarm / Low Battery Warning Buzzer Intrinsically Safe Continuous Multi Gas Monitoring Complete Automatic Operation. Self Diagnostic Check. Diffusion or Suction Sampling. Backlit Alpha numeric Display. Audio and Visual Alarm. Simultaneous Display of Gas name and Concentration Audible Alarm / Low Battery Warning Buzzer Intrinsically Safe Universal Multi Gas Monitor Model No.: MX 51

12. Portable Multi Gas Monitors Continuous Multi Gas Monitoring Complete Automatic Operation. Self Diagnostic Check. Diffusion or Suction Sampling. Backlit Alpha numeric Display. Audio and Visual Alarm. Simultaneous Display of Gas name and Concentration Audible Alarm / Low Battery Warning Buzzer Intrinsically Safe Continuous Multi Gas Monitoring Complete Automatic Operation. Self Diagnostic Check. Diffusion or Suction Sampling. Backlit Alpha numeric Display. Audio and Visual Alarm. Simultaneous Display of Gas name and Concentration Audible Alarm / Low Battery Warning Buzzer Intrinsically Safe Universal Multi Gas Monitor Model No.: MX 65

13. Fixed Gas Monitors Fast and accurate response. Long Life Applications Specific Gas Sensor Tech. Solid State Electronics Continuous Monitoring Two Alarm Levels Fail Safe Protection Recorder Output Integra or Remote Sensing Sensor Un-attended Operation Sampling by Diffusion or sample Draw Pump. Flexibility to fit your application needs Interfaces with Industry Standard Transmitters. Fast and accurate response. Long Life Applications Specific Gas Sensor Tech. Solid State Electronics Continuous Monitoring Two Alarm Levels Fail Safe Protection Recorder Output Integra or Remote Sensing Sensor Un-attended Operation Sampling by Diffusion or sample Draw Pump. Flexibility to fit your application needs Interfaces with Industry Standard Transmitters. Model No: 2620 (Weather Proof)

14. Fixed Gas Monitors Modular Construction Single Multipoint Monitoring Toxic, Explosive Gas, Vapor, Smoke Monitoring System Three Level Concentration And Fault Alarm Power on LED Visual and Audible Alarm Facility Remote Alarm Capability Reliable Solid State Circuitry Maintenance Free Fail Safe Operation Long Life Solid State / Catalytic Sensor Test Points for Alarm Settings Optional Analog or Digital Meter Modular Construction Single Multipoint Monitoring Toxic, Explosive Gas, Vapor, Smoke Monitoring System Three Level Concentration And Fault Alarm Power on LED Visual and Audible Alarm Facility Remote Alarm Capability Reliable Solid State Circuitry Maintenance Free Fail Safe Operation Long Life Solid State / Catalytic Sensor Test Points for Alarm Settings Optional Analog or Digital Meter FLP-GDS-1565

15. Fixed Gas Transmitters Relay contacts could be typically used to actuate remote alarms, increase ventilation, shut off gas supply, or shut down a process. The Sensors Detectors are of very sturdy construction, with weather proof or ex-proof housings Indicating or Non Indicating. Discrete Analog 4- 20mA. Compatible with PLC, SCADA and DCS. Power Supply 24VDC Gas Specific, Long life Sensor. Relay contacts could be typically used to actuate remote alarms, increase ventilation, shut off gas supply, or shut down a process. The Sensors Detectors are of very sturdy construction, with weather proof or ex-proof housings Indicating or Non Indicating. Discrete Analog 4- 20mA. Compatible with PLC, SCADA and DCS. Power Supply 24VDC Gas Specific, Long life Sensor. FLP-Gas Transmitter Model no: EXPO 98 WP-Gas Transmitter Model no: EXPO 98

16. Fixed Gas Controllers NEMA 1 Rack / Panel Mount Modular plug in design including modular power supply 2 to 8 channel / 19" Rack capacity Discrete or zoned alarm relays (2 alarms plus fault) Status and parameters accessible via RS 485 (Optional) Compatible with PLCs, SCADA and DCS Compatible with all types of Transmitters Alarm Disable / Alarm Silence function NEMA 1 Rack / Panel Mount Modular plug in design including modular power supply 2 to 8 channel / 19" Rack capacity Discrete or zoned alarm relays (2 alarms plus fault) Status and parameters accessible via RS 485 (Optional) Compatible with PLCs, SCADA and DCS Compatible with all types of Transmitters Alarm Disable / Alarm Silence function Multi Channel Controller Model no: 8420

17. Fixed Gas Scanner Single and up to 16 Input Models Single or Multi Gas configuration Self Integrity Check Simultaneous display of Channel No. Concentration & Unit of measurement Low & High Alarm Indication for each channel DC output to Power Transmitters Selectable 0.1/1" Resolution 16 X 1 Alpha numeric display Models with Data logger & RS - 232/485 Log Real-Time Data Single and up to 16 Input Models Single or Multi Gas configuration Self Integrity Check Simultaneous display of Channel No. Concentration & Unit of measurement Low & High Alarm Indication for each channel DC output to Power Transmitters Selectable 0.1/1" Resolution 16 X 1 Alpha numeric display Models with Data logger & RS - 232/485 Log Real-Time Data Fixed Gas Scanner Model no: SC 5101

18. Portable Single Gas Analyzer Complete Automatic Operation Self Diagnostic Check Applications specific Sensor Technology. Continuous Stable Alphanumeric display Long Life Rechargeable Batteries Data logging and 232 Output Capability On Start up, the instrument goes through complete Self Integrity, Check Calibration Check on Demand. Digitally Displays the result Instantly. Complete Automatic Operation Self Diagnostic Check Applications specific Sensor Technology. Continuous Stable Alphanumeric display Long Life Rechargeable Batteries Data logging and 232 Output Capability On Start up, the instrument goes through complete Self Integrity, Check Calibration Check on Demand. Digitally Displays the result Instantly. Portable Gas Analyzer Model no: 2008

19. Portable Single Gas Analyzer Complete Automatic Operation Self Diagnostic Check Applications specific Sensor Technology. Continuous Stable Alphanumeric display Long Life Rechargeable Batteries Data logging and 232 Output Capability On Start up, the instrument goes through complete Self Integrity, Check Calibration Check on Demand. Digitally Displays the result Instantly. Complete Automatic Operation Self Diagnostic Check Applications specific Sensor Technology. Continuous Stable Alphanumeric display Long Life Rechargeable Batteries Data logging and 232 Output Capability On Start up, the instrument goes through complete Self Integrity, Check Calibration Check on Demand. Digitally Displays the result Instantly. Dust Gas Analyzer Model no: GP 200V

20. Portable Single Gas Analyzer Long life zirconium sensor Very fast response, no purge time No reference gas required High accuracy Wide measurement range 1 ppm to 96% Maintenance free Automatic & begins with every start up with fresh air aspirated instead of Gas sample.. Self Supervisory Diagnosis : Continuously checks the status of: 1) Battery Voltage 2) Sample Flow 3) Oxygen Sensor Long life zirconium sensor Very fast response, no purge time No reference gas required High accuracy Wide measurement range 1 ppm to 96% Maintenance free Automatic & begins with every start up with fresh air aspirated instead of Gas sample.. Self Supervisory Diagnosis : Continuously checks the status of: 1) Battery Voltage 2) Sample Flow 3) Oxygen Sensor Flue Gas Analyzer Model no: FEM 940

21. Portable Single Gas Analyzer Portable, Rugged, Lightweight Sealed reference cell; no need for a flowing reference support gas Uses no consumables and is virtually maintenance free Proven Thermal Conductivity detector Switch-selectable Gas for easy choice of desired measurement Large, easy to read readout for observing rate of change (trending) of purge gas mixtures Portable, Rugged, Lightweight Sealed reference cell; no need for a flowing reference support gas Uses no consumables and is virtually maintenance free Proven Thermal Conductivity detector Switch-selectable Gas for easy choice of desired measurement Large, easy to read readout for observing rate of change (trending) of purge gas mixtures Turbidity Gas Analyzer Model no: TGAT 700

22. Portable Multi Gas Analyzer Complete Automatic operation including Calibration, "ON - OFF" & "SAMPLE" Keys only. Self diagnostic check & specific fault indication, Discrete LEDs for Sample Flow, Sensor Efficiency & Battery Condition. Continuous on-line full self-integrity check eliminates wrong measurements due to Instrument Faults. Proven Sensor Technology Special purpose long life Sensors with Cross Interference filters to achieve high accuracy. Oxygen Sensor Guaranteed for 4 years. Stable & Automation display of concentrations - ensures maximum accuracy & reliability. Complete Automatic operation including Calibration, "ON - OFF" & "SAMPLE" Keys only. Self diagnostic check & specific fault indication, Discrete LEDs for Sample Flow, Sensor Efficiency & Battery Condition. Continuous on-line full self-integrity check eliminates wrong measurements due to Instrument Faults. Proven Sensor Technology Special purpose long life Sensors with Cross Interference filters to achieve high accuracy. Oxygen Sensor Guaranteed for 4 years. Stable & Automation display of concentrations - ensures maximum accuracy & reliability. Multi Dust Gas Analyzer Model no: PA 960

23. Portable Multi Gas Analyzer Portable, compact and rugged. Complete Automatic Operation. 16 Character, 2 line LCD displays messages and values through the operation of the analyzer. Self check facility and a special software ensures accurate analysis of data. Standard Fuels with their parameters are preprogrammed, Others on request. Battery operating period of 4 hours. Inbuilt Buzzer announces various stages of operation. A mere Six key to operate the complete instrument. Visual alarms for Low Bat, No Flow and Sensor Fault. Automatic sampling & Analysis for specified periods at preset intervals-completely unattended Portable, compact and rugged. Complete Automatic Operation. 16 Character, 2 line LCD displays messages and values through the operation of the analyzer. Self check facility and a special software ensures accurate analysis of data. Standard Fuels with their parameters are preprogrammed, Others on request. Battery operating period of 4 hours. Inbuilt Buzzer announces various stages of operation. A mere Six key to operate the complete instrument. Visual alarms for Low Bat, No Flow and Sensor Fault. Automatic sampling & Analysis for specified periods at preset intervals-completely unattended Multi Dust Gas Analyzer Model no: PA 2400

24. Fixed Gas Analyzer Alarms for Low & High and Specific Fault Specific Sensor as Per the Measuring Gas, Range & Application Sample Conditioning System Offered As Per Application Complete Automatic Operation 16 Characters 2 line LCD Display messages A Mere Six Key to Operate the Complete Instrument. Alarms for Low & High and Specific Fault Specific Sensor as Per the Measuring Gas, Range & Application Sample Conditioning System Offered As Per Application Complete Automatic Operation 16 Characters 2 line LCD Display messages A Mere Six Key to Operate the Complete Instrument. Field Mounted Gas Analyzer Model no: FGA 461

25. Fixed Gas Analyzer The Model CA 2000 Series Multi Gas Analyzer is suitable for the continuous measurement of the concentrations of gases such as CO, CO2, SO2, NO, NO2, CH4, H2. Maximum four of these components can be measured in the analyzer. The simplicity of operation makes Endee Gas Analyzer a valuable aid or continuous use in various applications changing the measuring parameters. It's Versatile Modular Design Permits Configuration and Up-Gradation to suit specific of gases to be measured. The Model CA 2000 Series Multi Gas Analyzer is suitable for the continuous measurement of the concentrations of gases such as CO, CO2, SO2, NO, NO2, CH4, H2. Maximum four of these components can be measured in the analyzer. The simplicity of operation makes Endee Gas Analyzer a valuable aid or continuous use in various applications changing the measuring parameters. It's Versatile Modular Design Permits Configuration and Up-Gradation to suit specific of gases to be measured. Process Gas Analyzer Model no: CA 2000

26. Fixed Gas Analyzer Custom designed sample conditioning system Application specific principle of Analysis Infrared & Electrochemical detector for CO and CO2 & NOx, HC. Heated stack mounted filter optional Automatic calibration Built in printer. (Optional) Multipoint sampling system. (Optional) RS-232/485 output for data. logging and further analysis.(Optional) Custom designed sample conditioning system Application specific principle of Analysis Infrared & Electrochemical detector for CO and CO2 & NOx, HC. Heated stack mounted filter optional Automatic calibration Built in printer. (Optional) Multipoint sampling system. (Optional) RS-232/485 output for data. logging and further analysis.(Optional) Continuous Emission Gas Analyzer Model no: CA 4000

27. Flame Detector This fire detection technology focuses on detecting heat, smoke or flame (light). These are three major characteristics of the fire. A UV detector uses a sensor tube that detects radiation emitted in the range of bandwidth 185 nm to 260 nm. The UV radiation is the fastest method for fire detection because the first energy released from a fire source is the ultraviolet. This energy travels through air at the speed of light and it is not dissipated by the air currents. UV Flame Detector is an optical device; therefore they can response to flame less than second. The Ultraviolet flame detector detects flames by sensing the ultraviolet (UV) radiation produced during a combustion process. This fire detection technology focuses on detecting heat, smoke or flame (light). These are three major characteristics of the fire. A UV detector uses a sensor tube that detects radiation emitted in the range of bandwidth 185 nm to 260 nm. The UV radiation is the fastest method for fire detection because the first energy released from a fire source is the ultraviolet. This energy travels through air at the speed of light and it is not dissipated by the air currents. UV Flame Detector is an optical device; therefore they can response to flame less than second. The Ultraviolet flame detector detects flames by sensing the ultraviolet (UV) radiation produced during a combustion process. UV Flame Detector Model no: UV 740 (Ex-Proof) UV Flame Detector

28. Flame Detector IR (Infrared) flame detectors monitor the heat radiation generated by fire and open flames, with a response time of roughly 3 to 5 seconds. Working within the infrared spectral band, these flame detection systems have a sensitivity range between approximately 4.3 to 4.4 micrometers. This range covers the resonance frequency of Carbon Dioxide (CO2), which is generated in large amounts by the burning of hydrocarbon materials such as wood and fossil fuels. Hot CO2 gases from fires produce a peak in total radiation emission, as well as a specific spectral pattern in the infrared range, both of which are easily detectable by IR flame detectors. IR (Infrared) flame detectors monitor the heat radiation generated by fire and open flames, with a response time of roughly 3 to 5 seconds. Working within the infrared spectral band, these flame detection systems have a sensitivity range between approximately 4.3 to 4.4 micrometers. This range covers the resonance frequency of Carbon Dioxide (CO2), which is generated in large amounts by the burning of hydrocarbon materials such as wood and fossil fuels. Hot CO2 gases from fires produce a peak in total radiation emission, as well as a specific spectral pattern in the infrared range, both of which are easily detectable by IR flame detectors. IR Flame Detector Model no: IR 740 (Ex-Proof) IR Flame Detector

29. Flame Detector UV-IR Flame Detector is a combination of a UV and IR flame detector which utilizes a microprocessor for sophisticated electronic signal analysis. When a UV optical sensor is integrated with an IR sensor, a dual band detector is created that is sensitive to the UV and IR radiation emitted by a flame. The combined UV-IR flame detector offers increased immunity over the UV detector, operates at moderate speeds of response, and is suited for both indoor and outdoor use. As with UV detectors, however, the detection range of these instruments may be reduced by heavy smoke. UV-IR Flame Detector is a combination of a UV and IR flame detector which utilizes a microprocessor for sophisticated electronic signal analysis. When a UV optical sensor is integrated with an IR sensor, a dual band detector is created that is sensitive to the UV and IR radiation emitted by a flame. The combined UV-IR flame detector offers increased immunity over the UV detector, operates at moderate speeds of response, and is suited for both indoor and outdoor use. As with UV detectors, however, the detection range of these instruments may be reduced by heavy smoke. UV-IR Flame Detector Model no: UV-IR 740 (Ex-Proof) UV-IR Flame Detector

30. Flame Detector (Typical Applications)

31. Flame Detector (Typical Applications)

32. Flame Detector UV Flame Detector UV 730 (Weather Proof) UV 740 (Ex-Proof) UV-IR 730 (Weather Proof)UV-IR 740 (Ex-Proof) UV-IR Flame Detector IR 730 (Weather Proof) IR 740 (Ex-Proof) IR Flame Detector

33. Water Quality Analyzers Endee provides a wide & extensive range of Water Quality Analyzer Products. These are Multi-parametric Instrument with complete range of Digital Sensors & Expandable as per requirement. It is also equipped with the MODBUS RTU protocol, Ethernet & Data logging. We provide this Analyzer with Inbuilt Graphic LCD Receiver which we can Monitor Reading of the Detected Parameters for further process of Control. Graphic Display with LCD Resolution of 320×240 Internal Data logger Programmable Analog Outputs Accepted Digital Input Field-Replaceable Sensors Expandable Range of Sensor Endee provides a wide & extensive range of Water Quality Analyzer Products. These are Multi-parametric Instrument with complete range of Digital Sensors & Expandable as per requirement. It is also equipped with the MODBUS RTU protocol, Ethernet & Data logging. We provide this Analyzer with Inbuilt Graphic LCD Receiver which we can Monitor Reading of the Detected Parameters for further process of Control. Graphic Display with LCD Resolution of 320×240 Internal Data logger Programmable Analog Outputs Accepted Digital Input Field-Replaceable Sensors Expandable Range of Sensor Model no: WA 200

34. Water Quality Analyzers Graphic Display with LCD Resolution of 320 x 240: This allows the Simultaneous Display of Digital Measurement. Internal Data logger: With possibility to store up to 4,00,00,000 Records & Display Stored Data. Data Download to USB PENDRIVE or through RS 485. Programmable Analog Outputs: For Repeating the Measurements, with the First & Second Set on the Measurement of the Same Parameter. Accepted Digital Input: MODBUS RTU for Set-up, Real Time Data Communication or Download of the Stored Data. Field-Replaceable Sensors: Easy to Replace Sensors as per requirement on Fields. Expandable Range of Sensor: Whole Range of Sensors is available as per requirement & the Product Engineered to Function normally in Applications. Graphic Display with LCD Resolution of 320 x 240: This allows the Simultaneous Display of Digital Measurement. Internal Data logger: With possibility to store up to 4,00,00,000 Records & Display Stored Data. Data Download to USB PENDRIVE or through RS 485. Programmable Analog Outputs: For Repeating the Measurements, with the First & Second Set on the Measurement of the Same Parameter. Accepted Digital Input: MODBUS RTU for Set-up, Real Time Data Communication or Download of the Stored Data. Field-Replaceable Sensors: Easy to Replace Sensors as per requirement on Fields. Expandable Range of Sensor: Whole Range of Sensors is available as per requirement & the Product Engineered to Function normally in Applications.

35. Water Quality Analyzers APPLICATIONS 1.Oil,Food,Chemical Industries 2.Municipal Water Treatment 3.Boiler Feed Water 4.Oil Refineries 5.Food Processing Wash Water 6.Raw Water Plants 7.Environmental Monitoring 8.Monitoring of UV-Disinfection in Water Plants 9.Sewage Treatment Plants 10.Drinking Water Plant APPLICATIONS 1.Oil,Food,Chemical Industries 2.Municipal Water Treatment 3.Boiler Feed Water 4.Oil Refineries 5.Food Processing Wash Water 6.Raw Water Plants 7.Environmental Monitoring 8.Monitoring of UV-Disinfection in Water Plants 9.Sewage Treatment Plants 10.Drinking Water Plant

36. Indoor Air Quality Analyzers APPLICATIONS: IAQ investigations Industrial hygiene surveys Baseline trending and screening Building commissioning Tracking down emissions to their source SPECIFICATIONS: Operated on 220 V AC adapter 3.7 V DC Simple 5 buttons operation Displays up to 5 parameters- with date and time User settable alarms and ranges Continuous measurement of air contaminant APPLICATIONS: IAQ investigations Industrial hygiene surveys Baseline trending and screening Building commissioning Tracking down emissions to their source SPECIFICATIONS: Operated on 220 V AC adapter 3.7 V DC Simple 5 buttons operation Displays up to 5 parameters- with date and time User settable alarms and ranges Continuous measurement of air contaminant Model no: AQ 102

38. ToxicInfrared Catalytic Bead Photoionization (PID) Diffusion Barrier Electrolyte Storage Sensing Electrode Active Bead Reference Bead Infrared Light Source Infrared Detector Target Gas Absorbs IR EnergyTarget Gas Reacts with Electrolyte, Generates Current Target Gas Generates Heat, Causing Imbalance Ultraviolet Light Source + UV Ionizes Target Gas, Creating Current Current Detector

39. Infrared Catalytic Bead Photoionization (PID) Diffusion Barrier Electrolyte Storage Sensing Electrode Active Bead Reference Bead Infrared Light Source Infrared Detector Target Gas Absorbs IR EnergyTarget Gas Reacts with Electrolyte, Generates Current Target Gas Generates Heat, Causing Imbalance Ultraviolet Light Source + UV Ionizes Target Gas, Creating Current Current Detector Toxic

40. Infrared Catalytic Bead Photoionization (PID) Diffusion Barrier Electrolyte Storage Sensing Electrode Infrared Light Source Infrared Detector Target Gas Absorbs IR EnergyTarget Gas Reacts with Electrolyte, Generates Current Ultraviolet Light Source + UV Ionizes Target Gas, Creating Current Current Detector Lowest cost / periodic replacement required Oxygen MUST BE PRESENT to detect combustibles Bridge output signal Examples: Methane, Hydrogen, Combustibles Toxic

41. Infrared Catalytic Bead Photoionization (PID) Diffusion Barrier Electrolyte Storage Sensing Electrode Infrared Light Source Infrared Detector Target Gas Absorbs IR EnergyTarget Gas Reacts with Electrolyte, Generates Current Ultraviolet Light Source + UV Ionizes Target Gas, Creating Current Current Detector Lowest cost / periodic replacement required Oxygen MUST BE PRESENT to detect combustibles Bridge output signal Examples: Methane, Hydrogen, Combustibles Toxic

42. Infrared Catalytic Bead Photoionization (PID) Diffusion Barrier Electrolyte Storage Sensing Electrode Target Gas Reacts with Electrolyte, Generates Current Ultraviolet Light Source + UV Ionizes Target Gas, Creating Current Current Detector Lowest cost / periodic replacement required Oxygen MUST BE PRESENT to detect combustibles Bridge output signal Examples: Methane, Hydrogen, Combustibles Longer sensor life Does not require Oxygen to detect combustibles Bridge output signal (except GDS-IR) Examples: Combustibles, CO 2 Toxic

43. Infrared Catalytic Bead Photoionization (PID) Diffusion Barrier Electrolyte Storage Sensing Electrode Target Gas Reacts with Electrolyte, Generates Current Ultraviolet Light Source + UV Ionizes Target Gas, Creating Current Current Detector Lowest cost / periodic replacement required Oxygen MUST BE PRESENT to detect combustibles Bridge output signal Examples: Methane, Hydrogen, Combustibles Longer sensor life Does not require Oxygen to detect combustibles Bridge output signal (except GDS-IR) Examples: Combustibles, CO 2 Toxic

44. Infrared Catalytic Bead Photoionization (PID) Ultraviolet Light Source + UV Ionizes Target Gas, Creating Current Current Detector Lowest cost / periodic replacement required Oxygen MUST BE PRESENT to detect combustibles Bridge output signal Examples: Methane, Hydrogen, Combustibles Longer sensor life Does not require Oxygen to detect combustibles Bridge output signal (except GDS-IR) Examples: Combustibles, CO 2 Wide range of specific target gases Sensor life determined by environmental factors (%RH, ambient gases / poisons) Requires Oxygen to function Micro-amp output signal Examples: H 2 S, O 2, CO Toxic

45. Infrared Catalytic Bead Photoionization (PID) Ultraviolet Light Source + UV Ionizes Target Gas, Creating Current e-e- e-e- Current Detector Lowest cost / periodic replacement required Oxygen MUST BE PRESENT to detect combustibles Bridge output signal Examples: Methane, Hydrogen, Combustibles Longer sensor life Does not require Oxygen to detect combustibles Bridge output signal (except GDS-IR) Examples: Combustibles, CO 2 Wide range of specific target gases Sensor life determined by environmental factors (%RH, ambient gases / poisons) Requires Oxygen to function Micro-amp output signal Examples: H 2 S, O 2, CO Toxic

46. Catalytic Bead Photoionization (PID) Wide range of specific target gases Sensor life determined by environmental factors (%RH, ambient gases / poisons) Requires Oxygen to function Micro-amp output signal Examples: H 2 S, O 2, CO Longer sensor life Does not require Oxygen to detect combustibles Bridge output signal (except GDS-IR) Examples: Combustibles, CO 2 Infrared Lowest cost / periodic replacement required Oxygen MUST BE PRESENT to detect combustibles Bridge output signal Examples: Methane, Hydrogen, Combustibles Wide range of detectable gases (determined by energy of UV lamp) Not specific to particular VOC component Bridge output signal Examples: Benzene, Gasoline, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Toxic

48. Combustible gas is measured on the basis of “Percent (of) Lower Explosive Limit, or %LEL of a specific target gas LEL values for most gases are well known and alarm values can be readily calculated for maximum safety Generally, alarm values are set for 20% LEL (high alarm) and 40% LEL (high-high alarm), but may vary based on gas and risk Most combustible gas sensors are not specific and will respond to any combustible gas Infrared sensors will not detect hydrogen

49. LEL UEL 0% by Volume 100% by Volume “Upper Explosive Limit” “Lower Explosive Limit”

50. LEL UEL 0% by Volume 100% by Volume “Upper Explosive Limit” “Lower Explosive Limit” Insufficient gas to support combustion

51. LEL UEL 0% by Volume 100% by Volume “Upper Explosive Limit” “Lower Explosive Limit” Insufficient gas to support combustion Insufficient oxygen to support combustion

52. LEL UEL 0% by Volume 100% by Volume “Upper Explosive Limit” “Lower Explosive Limit” Insufficient gas to support combustion Insufficient oxygen to support combustion Any mixture in this range WILL support combustion

53. LEL UEL Gasoline UEL = 7.1% Gasoline LEL = 1.2% Combustible gases have different values for LEL and UEL

54. LEL Combustible gases have different values for LEL and UEL An unknown mixture of combustible gases may have a unique LEL Ethylene Oxide UEL = 100% Ethylene Oxide LEL = 3.6%

55. LEL UEL Combustible gases have different values for LEL and UEL An unknown mixture of combustible gases may have a unique LEL Methane (CH 4 ) is often used as a reference for calibration purposes Methane UEL = 15% Methane LEL = 5% 0 – 100% LEL

56. Toxic limits are based on tests and recommendations from OSHA* and NISOH* IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health) specifications based on human & animal toxicity, 10% of LEL, effects of similar known chemicals and historic norms Exposure is measured in instantaneous and average values; Averages must be calculated from GDS Corp equipment readings NIOSH: US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health OSHA: US Occupational Safety and Health Administration

57. Ceiling Exposure Limit - CEV (Maximum exposure at any time)

58. Short Term Exposure Limit - STEL (Average exposure over 15 minutes) Ceiling Exposure Limit - CEV (Maximum exposure at any time)

59. Time-Weighted Average - TWA (Average exposure over 8 hours) Short Term Exposure Limit - STEL (Average exposure over 15 minutes) Ceiling Exposure Limit - CEV (Maximum exposure at any time)

60. Time-Weighted Average - TWA (Average exposure over 8 hours) Short Term Exposure Limit - STEL (Average exposure over 15 minutes) Ceiling Exposure Limit - CEV (Maximum exposure at any time) CEV = 12 ppm

61. Time-Weighted Average - TWA (Average exposure over 8 hours) Short Term Exposure Limit - STEL (Average exposure over 15 minutes) Ceiling Exposure Limit - CEV (Maximum exposure at any time) CEV = 12 ppm STEL = 2 ppm

62. Time-Weighted Average - TWA (Average exposure over 8 hours) Short Term Exposure Limit - STEL (Average exposure over 15 minutes) Ceiling Exposure Limit - CEV (Maximum exposure at any time) CEV = 12 ppm STEL = 2 ppm TWA = 0.05 ppm